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| Mother of computer programming |
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| Who invented the difference engine and analytical engine? |
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| invented differential analyzer |
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| Turing test, Turing Machine, Colossus |
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| This man advocated the bit as smallest computer unit. |
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| Von Neumann Architecture elements... |
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| Calculating Unit, Control Unit, Bus System, Memory, Input/Output |
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| Who invented the integrated circuit? |
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| Who invented the microprocessor (4004)? |
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| What are the three base systems (for numbers)? |
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| Decimal, Binary, Hexadecimal |
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| 0 or 1 (base "2" = 128,64,32,16,8,4,2,1) |
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0-9, A-F
"16" Base numbering system |
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| What does ASCII stand for? |
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American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Represents English as numbers (0-127) |
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| Controlled electricity that flows along wires |
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| Allows current to flow readily (minimal resistance, metal) |
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| Insulators, Offer Resistance, organic materials, (ceramics, plastics, glass, rubber, etc) |
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| Material that offers less conductivity than metal, but more than insulators |
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| What is the source for Silicon used to manufacture microchips? |
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| Two possible signals (on and off) |
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| Two ways we send data flow in our computer |
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| Parallel(2 or more) and Serial (1) |
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| Transfers electricity (Open=no flow, Closed=Flow) |
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| This was invented by 3 men at Bell Labs in 1947 |
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| Single transistor with 3 elements : Collector, Emitter, Base) |
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| Alternate names for the 3 elements of a discrete transistor? |
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| Collector=Source, Emitter=Drain, Base=Gate |
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| Timing signal that determines frequency of binary data and syncs transmissions |
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| Transistors acting in tandem with other transistors make up... |
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| Integrated Circuits, CPU, and Processor |
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| The packaging that protects the integrated circuit |
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| The silicon square that contains the integrated circuit |
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| Older styleused for Intel 4004, 8008, and others |
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| Pin Grid Array - square shaped package composed of ceramic or high-tech plastic encasing the die with metal pins |
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| Chip is attached to the carrier or package by facing the die on the top surface (allows for direct contact) |
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| Zero insertion force socket |
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| Land Grid Array (No pins) |
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| Computers are kept cool with these two things |
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| Heatsinks and thermal paste |
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| Modeling human thought and action by controlling and manipulating electrical flows |
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| Two states: I or O, true or false, yes or no, high or low |
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| How many statements are in a simple logic sentence? |
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| What does the NOT gate do? |
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| Inverts the electrical flow (yes to no, true to false, reverses) |
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| What do you need to get the result of an AND gate? |
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| BOTH elements, not just ONE |
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| Which elements of the OR gate do you need to get the result? |
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| More complex gates can be made up of... |
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| the three basic logic gates!!!! |
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| Receives commands from outside the computer that control the data it is processing |
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| GUI/Application Interface, Software functionality |
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| Types of user instructions |
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| open, close, print, save, etc |
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| CPU comes with a set of internal instructions it uses to process outside data, this instruction set controls.... |
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| Complex Instruction Set Computers: Hardware based instructions, easier programming, backwards compatibility |
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| Reduced Intstruction Set Computers: Software based instructions, Implements pipeline architecture, heavily dependent on programming quality |
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| What are some CPU design goals? |
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| High data throughputs, optimal use of resources, minimal mistakes/effective recovery response, balance between power consumption, heat production, and functionality |
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| the FOUR BASIC CPU functions... |
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| Fetch, Decode, Execute, and Write |
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| Special Type of RAM memory for the processor. The more the better, very costly, large packaging, Level 1/2/3 |
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| Fetch, Decode, Execute, Write all working independently (only as fast as slowest step) |
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| Parallel Pipelines (how we get around pipeline problem) |
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| Workspace used by chip to process data (Size and quantity affect CPU power) |
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| Arithmetic Logic Unit (Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, Dividing WHOLE NUMBERS!!) |
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| Floating Point Unit - Math concerning fractions and irrational numbers |
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| Prediction, Fetch, Decode, Scheduling |
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| What is Hyper Threading technology? |
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| When a processor can work on two sets of tasks simultaneously - single core can act like 2 CPU's |
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| What does the Intel EM64T do? |
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| Able to adjust processor speed and frequency |
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| Built into the CPU to prevent malicious code |
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| optimizes battery life and synchronizes performances with users demand |
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| Reduces heat from CPU without decreasing performance |
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| Enhance Virus Protection (EVP) |
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| Built in to CPU to prevent malicious code from BEING EXECUTED |
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| Direct Connect Architecture/Hyper transport technology (I/O link between CPU & Chipset) |
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| Processor Name, Core, Carrier Type: Pins/Sockets, Speeds, FSB, L1 Cache, L2 Cache, Manufacturing Specs: Microns |
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