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This man is known as the father of modern computing. He invented the Analytical and
Difference Engines. |
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| She is known as the Mother of Computer Programming. |
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| George Boole developed a special form of algebra based on ____________________, called Boolean algebra. |
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| Herman Hollerith adapted the ___________________ used by Jacquard looms to calculate the U.S. census in 1890. He went on to found the company that would later become IBM. |
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| This brilliant mathematician helped develop a computer to crack the German war code, Fish, during WWII. |
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| Alan Turing realized that thinking could be broken down into these two parts. |
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| A structure and a process |
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Determine if the statement is true or false. If false, correct the statement.
The instructions that make up the process part of the Turing machine are given using
“If, then” statements. |
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| The Turing machine can calculate anything that can be broken down into ______________ steps. |
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| Ideas, programming, and software make up the ( logical / physical ) part of the computer, while the hardware and electrical signals make up the ( logical / physical ) part of the computer. |
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| Ideas, programming, and software make up the logical part of the computer, while the hardware and electrical signals make up the physical part of the computer. |
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| List the four elements John von Neumann thought should make up a computer. |
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1) A calculating unit (known today as the arithmetic/logic unit or ALU).
2) A control unit to execute the instructions.
3) Memory in which both data and instructions would be stored for ease of access (on the surface, these two types of data are indistinguishable—only
their location in memory determines whether they are interpreted as data or instructions.
4) A structure for the input and output of information, known today as the bus. Early on, there were problems moving data over just one set of input/output lines. This problem became known as the Von Neumann Bottleneck. To ease the flow of data in the computer, separate lines are used today to move data and instructions. |
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| What is the name given to machines based on the four elements thought should make up a computer? |
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| John von Neumann advocated using this as the smallest computer unit. |
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Determine if the statement is true or false. If false, correct the statement.
One of the limitations of the Von Neumann Architecture is that it is set up to process data serially. Many newer computer designs use new technologies that move in the direc |
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| In 1947, three scientists working at Bell labs developed this miraculous little device that replaced vacuum tubes, allowing computers to become smaller and more powerful. |
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| This prolific inventor created the first integrated circuits. |
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| Ted Hoff invented the first __________________________. |
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| This is known as the first personal computer. |
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| The first IBM PC used this Intel processor. |
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| This rule of thumb guides the microchip industry by setting development goals for processor power and speed. It says that the rough number of transistors on a microchip should double every 12 to 18 months, thereby also doubling processing power. |
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| These two college dropouts formed the Apple computer company. |
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| Steve Jobs and Steven Wozniak |
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| Bill Gates founded the _____________________ corporation. He popularized licensed software. Versions of his operating system called __________________________ are so popular that they hold 90% of the desktop PC operating system market. |
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Microsoft Corporation
Windows Operating System
Bill Gates founded the Microsoft corporation. He popularized licensed software. Versions of his operating system called Windows Operating System are so popular that they hold 90% of the desktop PC operating system market. |
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| Graphical User Interface (GUI) |
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| artificial intelligence (AI) |
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| Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) |
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| A set of rules for solving a problem in a given number of steps. An algorithm has a definite starting and stopping point. The efficiency of an algorithm is determined by the number of key operations or steps and the amount of resources it needs to run. |
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| The Analytical Engine would have been the world's first generalpurpose computer. Designed in the 1830s by the English mathematician and inventor Charles Babbage, the Analytical Engine introduced a number of computing concepts still in use today. |
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| A bit is a single binary digit. |
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| A collection of wires which connects two or more separate electronic devices and the accompanying set of technologies that enables the devices to communicate. |
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| A personal computer based on the design and technology of the first IBM computer introduced to the market in 1981. |
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| Developed during World War II this was a code-breaking machine designed to help the Allies defeat the Nazis. Alan Turing helped in the development of this machine. |
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| Command Line Interface (CLI) |
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| This is a purely textual means of interacting with the computer. The user sees a prompt and types instructions into the computer to indicate what the computer is to do. |
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| The Difference Engine designed in the 1820s by the English math ematician and inventor, Charles Babbage, was intended to automatically compute mathematical tables, which until that time, had been tediously calculated by hand and were prone to error. |
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| Built by Vannevar Bush in 1930, this was an analog mechanical calculating device designed to perform calculations for the ballistic-trajectories of military artillery. |
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| EDSAC - Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator |
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| first actual stored-program computer |
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| EDVAC - Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Calculator |
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| EDVAC was intended to be the first stored-program computer, but several others were fully operational first. |
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| ENIAC - Electronic Numeric Integrator and Computer |
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| proposed as a better and faster way to do the calculations. |
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| developed by John Von Neumann, game theory uses the mathematics of probability and statistics to analyze human behaviors. |
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| Graphical User Interface (GUI) |
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| visual instead of purely textual way of interacting with applications on a computer. |
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| considered one of the first digital computers |
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| computer chip, an integrated circuit (IC) is a small electronic device made out of a semiconductor material. |
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| study of the principles of reasoning, especially of the structure of propositions as distinguished from their content and of method and validity in deductive reasoning. |
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| every 12 to 18 months to increase processing power. |
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| Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) |
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| A handheld computing device. |
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| A Turing machine is an abstract representation of a computing device. |
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| Computer architectures that uses the same storage device for both instructions and data. |
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