Congenital: born with 

Acquired: developed due to diseases or accidents

1. the study of human communication processes

2. (breakdowns) communication differences and disorders

3. the efficacy of practices involved in assessing and assisting individuals with communication differences and disorders

ASHA: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association

National Student Speech-Language-Hearing Association

- Providing standards for professional practice and ethical conduct

- Publishing professional journals

- Accreditation standards for academic programs

- Certification standards for individual professionals

- Promoting research initiatives

- Lobbying federal and state governments for benefit of consumers and professionals

- Informing the public about the value of our profession

1. Pass national standardized test (PRAXIS)
2. Master's Degree from an accredited institution
3. 375 clock hours; 25 observation hours
4. supervised 9-month clinical fellowship year (CFY)

The license is given by the state in which a SPL wishes to practice in. It is required in order to open/work in a practice; each state requires their own license. 

The CCC is important to have because it ensures the patients that the SPL has had all the necessary educational and practical requirements. Also, some health cares won't reimburse patients unless the SPL has a CCC or is supervised by a person holding the CCC. 

Spinal Cord

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Brain Stem

Apashia

Dementia

Tramatic Brain Injury

Feel Sensations

Deliver the motor commands to the muscles of your head and neck

How many lobes do we have in each hemisphere?

(for the course)

Four

1. Frontal 

2. Occipital

3. Parietal

4. Temporal

1. motor area

2. prefrontal area

3. broca's area

Wernicke's Area

Broca's Area

medulla

pons

midbrain

language

mathematical ability

ability to solve problems in sequential/logical way

musical skills

recognition of faces/emotions

tasks requiring comprehension of spatial relationships

difficulties expressing & understanding emotions

spatial problems (left neglect)

difficulties recognizing faces

1. This disorder can be acquired only after a person knows a first language fluently

2. It is caused by damage to the left hemisphere (typically after a stroke)

3. Affects verbal expression (spoken language), auditory comprehension, reading and writing

^^produces a profile: differnt levels

1. Hemorrhage

2. Closed Artery

Right side paralysis

Reception

Analysis of stimuli from the outside world

Wernicke's Area (the most damaged)

Conduction Aphasia (medium damaged)

Anomic Aphasia (the least damaged)

Wernicke's 

Anomic

Conduction

1. visual deficits
2. hemiparalysis (on one side of the body)
3. loss of sensation on one side of the body
4. mild cognitive problems (concreteness,

    perservations, loss of initiative)

- Inability to write with one hand (must learn to use the other)

- Can't tie shoes (or learn with one hand)

- Showering

1. maximizing language abilities (training on specific skills that they can do)

2. developing compensatory communication strategies (communication book, gesturing)

connection with friends

inability to work 

loss of identity^^

depression

1. non-aphasic spouse doesn't have time alone

2. finances

3. getting used to the new roles that aphasia creates for both spouses

4. finding ways to deal with the issue of dependence/independence for the aphasic spouse

1. To assist the family in developing new ways to communicate effectively

2. Devising strategies for improving the patient's ability to communicate meangingfully and participate in life activities

1. Nutrition & Hydration

2. Comfort

Volitional Control

Reflexive

- to protect the airway

- to direct the bolus to the esophagus

strokes

traumatic brain injury

progressive neurological disease (ALS)

Dementia

Parkinson's Disease

Stroke

ALS

-numbness

-don't pay attention to what they're eating

- lack of or weak laryngeal movement
- coughing following a swallow
- "gurgly" vocal quality

- Positioning Patients (angle when eating)

- Environmental Modifications (erradicating distractions such as a T.V.)

- Adaptive Feeding Equipment (spoon with a bulky handle)

- Bolus Modification (changing consistency of food)

- Swallowing techniques (holding breathe & swallowing, tongue between teeth)

brain damage that leads to temporary or permanent physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioral impairment

1. Physical

2. Social

3. Vocational

4. Swallowing

5. Communcational

1. Deficits of attention

2. Memory

3. Executive functioning

Because they can contribute to:

- cognitive deficits (memory)

- communication problems (difficulty with topic

  maintenance due to short attention span)

- poor functional outcomes