Term
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Definition
| in real life (e. g. riding elevators)
best if you CAN do it |
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Term
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Definition
| imagining the fear (e. g. earthquakes) |
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Term
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Definition
| systematic desensitization |
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Term
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Definition
| flooding, implosive therapy, direct therapeutic exposure |
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Term
| systematic desensitization |
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Definition
| gradual exposure to something feared more often done in imagery, but can be done in vivo |
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Term
| systematic desensitization steps |
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Definition
| 1.) long interview to find out all the reasons they're afraid
2.) hierarchy of fear: scale of 1-100 (come up w/ a list of scenarios and rank them
3.) create cards w/ scenarios, place in order, place SUDS # on it |
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Term
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Definition
| subjective units of discomfort |
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Term
| progressive muscle relaxation |
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Definition
| by Jacobson
learn how to relax your body, helps improve mood, recognize tension in your body in order to relax it. used in SD (you cant be anxious and relaxed at the same time) alternate b/w anxiety provoking scenario on hierarchy and relaxation |
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Term
| systematic desensitization criticisms |
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Definition
| 1.) hard to get clear image 2.) hard to imagine 3.) stimuli not as aversive as you thought 4.) not realistic enough |
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Term
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Definition
| sister to SD
no relaxation, CS without the US, nothing bad will happen to them, in vivo OR in imagery.
ask questions about how they experience fear in all 5 senses
teach them how to imagine |
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Term
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Definition
| before, give rationale of why you're giving exposure therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.) patient-directed= patient verbalizes imagery they create 2.) therapist-directed= therapist creates scene and imagery |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| flooding w/ dynamic twist hypothesized cues, flooding, expose them to concrete thing that causes them anxiety implosive= symbolic of something |
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Term
| 4 cues patients are exposed to in implosive therapy |
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Definition
| 1.) symptom-contingent cues= situational or environmental 2.) reportable-internally elicited cues= physiological feelings 3.) unreportable cues hypothesized to be related to # 2 4.) hypothesized-dynamic cues= cues derived from Freud. have to be guesses, watch reaction to these cues. must be therapist-directed |
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Term
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Definition
| from video
woman who was raped twice, received implosive therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| post-traumatic stress disorder more prevalent in women 1% of population
6 categories of criteria |
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Term
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Definition
| exposed to a traumatic event - either witnessed, experienced, or confronted by a situation where they were either hurt, their integrity was compromised, or saw someone hurt/killed must respond w/ intense fear, terror (emotional reaction) |
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Term
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Definition
| re-experiencing
only need ONE of these
1.) nightmares, flashbacks
2.) person has a physiological reaction
3.) intense psychological distress
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Term
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Definition
| avoidance - staying away from things that remind of the event or are the event
may avoid places
inability to recall certain parts of trauma
defense mechanism - repression anhedonia - lack of ability to experience pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
| increased arousal - difficulty falling asleep irritability hypervigilant - overly aware exaggerated startle response |
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Term
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Definition
| +30 days after event = PTSD
<30 days = acute stress disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| disturbance must cause significant impairment in everyday life |
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Term
| top 4 events associated w/ PTSD |
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Definition
| 1.) sudden death of loved one
2.) combat
3.) rape
4.) target of crime |
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Term
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Definition
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism |
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Term
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Definition
| genetics age addictive disorder childhood abuse |
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Term
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Definition
| CAPS (Clinician-Administered PTSD scale for the DSM IV)
SCID (Structured Clinical Interview of DSM IV)
Keane scale on the MMPI
Multi-Modal Assessment Procedure |
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Term
| CAPS (Clinician-Administered PTSD scale for DSM IV) |
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Definition
| goes down every criterion of PTSD, looks @ intensity |
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Term
| SCID (Structured Clinical Interview of DSM IV) |
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Definition
2 pt. questionairre
1.) goes thru possible events to see what could have happened
2.) PCLC - goes down the criteria of DSM IV w/ intensity checks |
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Term
| Multi-Modal Assessment Procedure |
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Definition
| look at heart rate, how they're feeling, give questionairre |
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Term
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Definition
| exposure therapy
anxiety management training (AMT)
EMDR medication |
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Term
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Definition
| works well on anxiety disorders
may bring back other pre-exposed events |
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Term
| anxiety management training (AMT) |
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Definition
| teaches cognitive and behavioral strategies of how to cope w/ feelings relaxation training breathing from diaphragm trauma education cognitive restructuring challenge irrational beliefs |
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Term
| EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) |
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Definition
| developed by Shapiro help people to become desensitized while watching finger movement have people focus on parts of the trauma while watching finger dismantling study - dismantle 2 components (eye movement & thinking of trauma)
eye movement didnt clear up symptoms or make person feel better |
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Term
| childhood sexual and physical abuse |
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Definition
| 1 out of 5 women, 1 out of 10 men
any sexual contact or experience before 15-16 perp- 5 yrs older
86% of survivors have PTSD (#1 side effect) more flashbacks than any other trauma dissociation - break away from reality chronic headaches, IBS, asthma |
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Term
| what may make someone abusive |
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Definition
| 1.) victim of abuse 2.) drugs / alcohol 3.) sexually attracted to kids 4.) can't control anger 5.) capture innocence of children 6.) don't realize impact or don't care (antisocial personality) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.) having history of any psychopathology (anxiety, depression) 2.) memory blockage 3.) late 1st memory 4.) extreme aversion to sexual activity 5.) extreme anxiety during sex |
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Term
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Definition
| how the client behaves toward the therapist |
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Term
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Definition
| how the therapist acts toward the client |
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Term
| 3 components of a therapeutic relationship |
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Definition
| 1.) the real relationship: interactions b/w them
2.) the working alliance: rules surrounding an encounter
3.) the transference relationship: from their past. can be real or imagined |
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Term
| different ways of defining transference |
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Definition
| 1.) patient displaces feelings onto a therapist
2.) the patient has an overly emotional reaction to something the therapist says or does |
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Term
| criteria used to detect transference |
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Definition
| 1.) intensity: strength of reaction
2.) reaction of patient is irrational (inappropriateness)
3.) tenacity: tendency for the clients feelings to persis despite the therapists actual behavior
4.) ambivalence: positive/negative feelings toward therapist |
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Term
| different kinds of transference |
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Definition
| 1.) specific (see the therapist as a particular person) vs. general (the therapist is seen as a general figure, ex. father)
positive (clients project positive feelings onto therapist) vs. negative (clients project negative things onto therapist) |
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Term
| 2 types of negative transference |
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Definition
| 1.) clients who are hostile/ don't trust therapist
2.) client realizes therapist cannot fulfill all needs |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.) when the client thinks the therapist is someone he's not
2.) client can't accept boundaries
3.) client displaces anger onto you
4.) client falls in love w/ you |
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Term
| why does transference develop? |
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Definition
| 1.) therapist can be neutral/anonymous
2.) therapist is an authority figure
3.) patients discuss childhood
4.) therapists are encouraging, make ok for patient to be vulnerable
5.) clients become dependent when they see they're responsible for healing. |
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Term
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Definition
| -reaction to the transference of the client -therapist tries to unconsciously solve a problem using the client
-if the therapist is treating the client based on the therapists needs. |
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Term
| how to deal w/ positive & negative transference |
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Definition
| it is good to ignore positive transference and to work on negative transference |
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Term
| the power of analyzing repeating themes |
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Definition
| if something is happening in therapy, it may be happening outside of therapy |
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Term
| crisis-driven countertransference |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Yalom is an existential psychologist, but first was a psychoanalytic psychologist
don't have to make a diagnosis the 1st session, but soon |
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Term
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Definition
| "look out the other persons window, see the world as they see it" |
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Term
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Definition
| immediate interaction b/w patient and therapist
you can observe w/ your own eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| Here and now example.
looking for a new husband. Alice drove all men off. Yalom observed in therapy it was because she was bitchy. |
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Term
| striking when the iron is cold |
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Definition
| used when the client is upset about something. Wait until the client acts the opposite way to bring up the issue |
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Term
| A therapist fears that personal disclosure will have no end. |
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Definition
| If a therapist tells a client something, the client doesn't have confidentiality. |
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Term
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Definition
| what the patient is talking about |
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Term
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Definition
| the patients feelings about disclosing information |
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Term
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Definition
| admit your mistakes as a therapist
talk about death in a calm way. (what do you want on your tombstone?)
therapist disclosure begets therapist disclosure
help patients assume responsibility
don't make decisions for patient (only OK in dangerous situations) |
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Term
| two therapy accelerating devices |
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Definition
| 1.) write a letter to someone w/ unfinished business to express emotions 2.) empty-chair technique- pretend that a person is in the chair, tell them what you need to say |
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Term
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Definition
| problems that psychologists run into over the course of their practice |
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Term
| psychological ethics history |
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Definition
| 1st published in 1953 - ethical code conference surveyed psychologists - mailed back "critical incidents" analyzed by a committee
empirical method |
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Term
| Ethical Principles of Psychologists & Code of Conduct |
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Definition
| pre-amble
6 general principles
1.) competence
2.) integrity
3.) professional scientific responsibility
4.) respect for peoples rights and dignity
5.) concern for others welfare
6.) social responsibility |
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Term
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Definition
| need for ongoing education
recognizing the boundaries of your skill as a psychologist need to be high in the realm of expertise |
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Term
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Definition
| being honest, fair, respectful
don't make false statements avoid improper dual relationships |
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Term
| professional scientific responsibility |
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Definition
| accepting responsibility for your behavior consulting other therapists when necessary don't reduce public opinion of psychologists |
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Term
| respect for peoples rights & dignity |
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Definition
| right to privacy and confidentiality respectful of differences in people |
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Term
| concern for others welfare |
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Definition
| minimize harm to others when a conflict occurs sensitive to differences in power b/w themselves and clients |
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Term
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Definition
| make the public aware of your knowledge work to lessen human suffering donate time to a client for little or no money |
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Term
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Definition
| enforceable rules - enforced by APA
general standards - rules that prohibit discrimination and sexual harrassment, rules for maintaining competence, fees, and keeping proper records
don't take on scientific or professional obligations if a pre-existing relationship would create a problem
psychologist and patient agree on billing |
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Term
| therapy conduct on sexual relations, leaving therapy, clients who have had previous sexual relations |
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Definition
| 1.) psychologists do not participate in sexual intimacy w/ clients
2.) psychologists don't accept people who they've been intimate w/
3.) don't have sex w/ former clients |
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