Term
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Definition
| generalizations formed as people experience the world |
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Term
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Definition
| information about a new object or idea is fitted into existing schemas |
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Term
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Definition
| information about the new object or idea forces a change or modification of the existing schemas. |
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Term
| when does the sensorimotor stage occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| when does the preoperational period occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| when does concrete operational thought occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| when does formal operational thought occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is object permanence? |
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Definition
| infant’s knowledge that an object exists even if it is out of sight |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to recognize that the important properties of a substance remain constant despite changes in shape or position |
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Term
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Definition
| an infant’s individual style and frequency of expressing needs and emotions, a prelude to its personality. |
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Term
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Definition
| most common, are predictable, react to new situations cheerfully, and seldom fuss |
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Term
| what are difficult babies? |
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Definition
| are irregular and irritable |
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Term
| what are slow to warm u babies? |
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Definition
| react warily to new situations but slowly come to enjoy them. |
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Term
| what is avoidant insecure attachment? |
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Definition
| the infant avoids or ignores the mother when she returns after a brief separation |
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Term
| what is ambivilant insecure attachment? |
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Definition
| the infant is upset when the mother leaves, but when she returns they vacillate between clinging to her and angrily rejecting her. |
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Term
| what is disorganized insecure attachment? |
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Definition
| the infant is inconsistent, disturbed, and disturbing. |
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Term
| what are authoritarian parents? |
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Definition
| strict, punitive, and unsympathetic. They value obedience from their children and do not encourage independence. They are detached and seldom praise their children. Children of authoritarian parents tend to be unfriendly, distrustful, and withdrawn. |
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Term
| what are permissive parentss? |
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Definition
| give their children a great deal of freedom with little discipline. Children of permissive parents tend to be immature, dependent, and unhappy. |
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Term
| what are authoritative parents? |
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Definition
| parents reason with their children, encourage give and take, set limits but also remain understanding and encourage independence. Children of authoritative parents tend to be friendly, cooperative, self-reliant, and socially responsible. |
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Term
| what are uninvolved parents? |
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Definition
| are indifferent to their children. They invest as little time, money, and effort as possible in their children, focusing on their own needs instead. Children of uninvolved parents are less likely to form secure attachments and more likely to have problems with impulsivity, aggression, and low-self-esteem. |
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Term
| what are popular children? |
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Definition
| tend to be friendly, assertive, good at communication, and helpful to others. Especially in early adolescence athletic, arrogant, or aggressive children may also be popular if their behavior is not too extreme |
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Term
| what are rejected children? |
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Definition
| who are actively disliked because they are too aggressive, lack self-control or are socially unskilled |
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Term
| what are neglected children? |
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Definition
| are isolated, quiet, and withdrawn, but not necessarily disliked. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to control one’s emotions and behavior. Children who cannot regulate their emotions tend to experience anxiety and distress and have trouble recovering from stressful events. |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of person’s identity that reflects the racial, religious, or cultural group to which he or she belongs |
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Term
| what is an identity crisis? |
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Definition
| a struggle to create an integrated self-image as a unique person. |
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Term
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Definition
| are general patterns of appearance and behavior associated with being male or female |
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Term
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Definition
| the generalizations develop by children about what toys and activities are appropriate for boys versus girls and what jobs are meant for women versus men. |
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Term
| what is the preconvertional level? |
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Definition
| moral judgments are selfish and centered on avoiding punishment or following rules when it is to their own advantage. most common among children under the age of nine. |
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Term
| what is the conventional level? |
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Definition
| , people are concerned about other people and believe morality consists of following rules and conventions, such as duty to family and country. most common in children from ages nine to nineteen |
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Term
| what is the postconventional level? |
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Definition
| moral judgments are based on personal standards or universal principles of justice, equality, and respect for human life. People at this level believe that individual rights can sometimes justify violating laws if the laws become destructive. People only reach this level after adolescence, if at all |
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