Term
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Definition
| Refers to disorders of the peripheral nerves and can be sensory, motor, autonomic or a combination |
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Term
| What's the most common neurological condition that adversely affects quality of life in the patients |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some environmental factors that cause neuropathies |
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Definition
| typing causes carpotunnel and being a musican |
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Term
| What are some causes of neuropathy |
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Definition
1. Trauma: repetitive use
2. Infections: Leprosy, virus
3. Neoplasms: Paraneoplastic
4. Stroke
5. Toxins |
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Term
| What's a genetic cause of neuropathy |
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Definition
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth that is related to formation of myelin and integrity of ion channels |
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Term
| Most diabetic neuropathy is what? |
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Definition
| Somatic, distal polyneuropathy |
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Term
| What are other presentations of Diabetic Neuropathy besides the sensory deficits |
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Definition
| Autonomic neuropathy like dizziness when standing up and losing ones balance |
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Term
| What are the clinical presentations of Diabetic neuropathy? |
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Definition
Numbness and burning aching pain
The pattern is distal symmetrical in a stocking and glove distrubution and progresses towards the torso |
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Term
| What is the area in diabetic neuropathy that is spared? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the clinical presentation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy |
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Definition
Orthostatic hypotension: Unable to regulate BP, heart rate and breathing w/ different posture
Decrease sweating and GI problems |
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Term
| Diabetic Mononeuropathy affects one large nerve which one? |
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Definition
| Femoral nerve causing pain, numbness and weakness |
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Term
| Diabetic neuropathy is a complication of what? It's also a manifestation of? |
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Definition
small vessel disease: arterioles, vasa-nervosum
Manifestation of small strokes along the nerves |
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Term
| What's the treatment for diabetic neuropathy |
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Definition
Keep the limb moving to allow blood to circulate and create new vessels
Remove risk factors like smoking and HTN
control sugar levels |
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Term
| What is inflammatory neuropathy? |
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Definition
| Dysfunction of the peripheral nerves caused by inflammation and autoimmune attack |
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Term
| What's an example of Inflammatory neuropathy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the age perference for Inflammatory neuropathy? |
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Definition
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Term
| When do most inflammatory neuropathy occur |
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Definition
| after an infection, surgery, vaccination |
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Term
| Describe the clinical presentation of inflammatory neuropathy |
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Definition
1. Weakness is the main symptom
2. Pattern is ascending
3. Loss of reflexes |
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Term
| What's the prognosis for Inflammatory neuropathy? How about for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy? |
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Definition
| 80% recover and the chronic form is a slow progression |
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Term
| give the pathophysiology of inflammatory neuropathy |
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Definition
1. Immune attack against myelin associated glycoproteins or axonal glycoproteins
2. Molecule mimicy is likely involved |
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Term
| Give the management of Inflammatory neuropathy |
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Definition
| Supportive care, physical therapy and rehab |
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Term
| What is Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis |
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Definition
Lou gehris disease
It's a disease of the Lower motor neurons, but can affect UMN |
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Term
| What age groups are you most likely to see ALS |
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Definition
| 4th decade and life expectancy is 5 to 10 years |
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Term
| this is a progressive autoimmune disease that is due to antibodies generated against AcH receptors in the NMJ |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical presentation of Myasthenia gravis |
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Definition
Weakness in the proximal limbs, weakness in the ocular a must
Dramatic fluctuation over a short period of time
Fatigue due to exercise |
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Term
| Give the symptoms of Myasthenia gravis |
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Definition
Ptosis and diplopia in 2/3 of the patients
Difficulty swallowing, chewing and talking
10% experience weakness in a muscle group like the neck or fingers |
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Term
| What are excacerbating factors of Myasthenia gravis |
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Definition
Physical stress
Infections
Metabolic like hypothyroidism
Drugs: Muscle relaxers, anesthetics |
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Term
| Antibodies in Myasthenia gravis are against what region of Ach R? What kind of antibodies are they? |
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Definition
| IgG in the immunogenic region |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the receptors in MG when antibodies are attached to them? |
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Definition
| The receptors get internalized and degraded. The NMJ becomes flat and loses efficency of transmission |
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