Term
| Name the esters of Local anesthetics |
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Definition
Cocaine Procaine Tetracaine Benzocaine |
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Term
| Name the Amdies of local anesthetics |
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Definition
1. Lidocaine 2. Mepivacaine 3. Bupivacaine 4. Etidocaine 5. Priolcaine 6. Ropivacaine |
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Term
| What form of a Anesthetic is in the active form at the binding site |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the effect of Epinephrine & phenylephrine (Vasoconstrictors) on Anesthetics |
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Definition
| Decrease regional blood flow, reducing systemic absorption and prolonging the effect |
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Term
| Name the 2 spinal anesthetics |
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Definition
| Epinephrine and Clonidine |
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Term
| What's the mechanism of action of epinephrine and Clonidine |
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Definition
| Acts on alpha 2 adrenergic receptors which inhibit sensory firing |
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Term
| The esters are metabolized in the blood by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the Amides metabolized |
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Definition
| Liver microsomal cytochrome P450 |
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Term
| The amdies can cause _______ disease or reduce _____ blood flow decreasing metabolism and increase toxicty |
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Definition
Liver disease
hepatic blood flow |
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Term
| Which form of the anesthetic is excreted? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you want to increase excretion of an anesthetic what would you do? |
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Definition
| Acidification of the urine |
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Term
| Potency of a anesthetic is positively correlated w/ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| which one of Activated, inactivated or resting channels has a higher affinity for anesthetics |
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Definition
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Term
| What kinds of nerves are good for nerve blocks |
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Definition
1. smaller the nerve the better, last to recover 2. Myleinated 3. Nerves with higher frequency of depolarization 4. outer nerve bundle |
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Term
| What are the effects of anesthetics on cardiac membranes |
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Definition
Blocks sodium channels Depress normal pacemaker activity, conduction Can cause arrythmias at high concentration |
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Term
| Where do tetrodotoxin and saixitoxin act on? |
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Definition
| Block extracelluar sodium channels |
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Term
| Where does Barachotoxin, aconitine and scorpion venom bind to |
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Definition
| Intracellular sodium channels |
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Term
| When would you use local anesthetics |
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Definition
| temporary complete localized area of the body |
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Term
| When would you use spinal anesthetics |
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Definition
1. Surgery, obstetric w/in the epidural or subarachnoid space 2. Regional anesthesia of the arm and leg for short surgical procedure |
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Term
| What would you use for neuropathic pain |
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Definition
| Combination of tricyclic antidepressants and an anti-convulsant |
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Term
| What are the short acting anesthetic |
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Definition
| Procaine and chloroprocaine |
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Term
| What are the intermediate acting anesthetics |
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Definition
| Lidocaine, mepivacine and priolocaine |
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Term
| What are the long lasting anesthetics |
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Definition
| Tetracine, bupivacine, etidocaine and ropivacaine |
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Term
| What are the signs of Anesthetic toxicity in the CNS |
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Definition
1. Numbness around the mouth, tongue and metallic taste 2. Auditory disturbance, visual disturbance 3. Sleepiness 4. restlessness |
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Term
| If a patient who is on anesthetics starts to go into convulsions, how would you treat |
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Definition
| Benzodiazpine or bartiturates |
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Term
| What are the toxic effects of anesthetics on the CVS |
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Definition
1. Depress pacemaker 2. Depress strenght of contraction 3. Hypotension |
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Term
| Which type of anesthetics can cause an allergic reactoin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which anethetic converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
| What's an adverse effect of lidocaine |
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Definition
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Term
| Cocaine blocks the re-uptake of |
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Definition
| Norepinephrine, Epinepherine, DA and Seratoinin |
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Term
| What are the adverse effects of cocaine |
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Definition
| Arrhythmia, ischemia and ucleration of the nasal mucosa |
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