Term
| Arterial thrombosis causes what |
|
Definition
| Myocardial infaction and stroke |
|
|
Term
| Venous thrombosis causes what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vessle wall abnormality, higher blood flow,high shear and turbulence, thrombus associated with vascular abnormalities *atherosclerosis)most often, high platelets, low fibrin, white thrombus, use thrombolytic therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Normal vessle walls, slower blood flow, high fibrin, RBCs, PLTs. Thrombus most often occurs in cases of stasis (inadequate flow) or biochemical abnormalities (non motile people-airplane dont flush out coag factors) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formation of a solid mass of platelets, RBCs WBCs and fibrin within a living blood vessel or the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intravascular, living vessel or heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extravascular, hematoma, postmortem, in vitro |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fragment of thrombus that moves to a new site |
|
|
Term
| Cerebral artery thrombosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mesenteric artery thrombosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coronary artery thrombosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fragment of thrombus from heart wall or heart valve travels downstream to smaller vessel, may lead to strike or MI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fragment of venous thrombus that breaks off and travels upstream towards the heart, may lead to pulmonary embolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Injury or activation of endothelium, Alteration in blood flow, Alteration in hemostatic system (biochemical abnormalities) |
|
|
Term
| Antithrombotic function of normal endothelium |
|
Definition
| Inhibits platelets, coagulation, stimulates fibrinolysis |
|
|
Term
| prothrombicc function of damaged endothelium |
|
Definition
| Activates platelets, stimulates coagulation, blocks fibrinolysis |
|
|
Term
| Injury or activation of enothelium can be |
|
Definition
| Atherosclerosis (block vessles with fat), Immune mediated (HIT, Antiphospholipid antibody syndrom (lupus), trauma, artificial surfaces, inflammation/infection |
|
|
Term
| Alteration in hemostatic system: biochemical abnormalities can be due to: |
|
Definition
| Coagulation system, fibrinolytic system, platelets, vessle wall/endothelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Young age (20s, 30s, 40s), unusual or unexplained thrombosis, spontaneous, idiopathic, essential, recurrent unusual site (arm), multiple sites, extensive. Trigger- pregnancy, trauma, surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accelerated coagulation due to reduced inhibition of coagulation, or due to elevated levels of coag factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates coagulation by inhibiting thrombin, F9, 10, 11, 12. Complexes are cleared by the liver, complex is consumed in the process. |
|
|
Term
| Hereditary antithrombin deficiency |
|
Definition
| Autosomal dominant, 1 gene abnormal, one normal (heterozygous), activity levels 50% of normal, incresed risk of venous thrombosis, venous thromboembolism, first episode in 20-40s, associated with pregnancy, trauma or surgery. Common thrombosis sites: lower extremities, pulmonary embolus, mesenteric vein thrombosis, superior sagittal sinus thrombosis |
|
|
Term
| Cause of decreased antithrombin |
|
Definition
| Heparin therapy, nephrotic syndrome, asparaginase therapy, DIC, hereditary deficiency (reduced production or abnormal molecule) |
|
|
Term
| Protein C is activated by |
|
Definition
| Thrombin/thrombomodulin complex on endothelial cells |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 abnormalities in protein C system |
|
Definition
| Protein C deficiency, Protein S deficiency, Mutation of factor V cleavage site (activated protein C resistance) |
|
|
Term
| Hereditary protein C deficiency |
|
Definition
| Autosomal dominant, 1 gene abnormal, activity levels 50% of normal, increases risk of venous thrombosis |
|
|
Term
| Causes of decreased protein C |
|
Definition
| warfarin, ongoing thrombosis, vitamin K deficiency, liver disease, post-operative state, hereditary deficiency (reduced production or abnormal molecule) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Has glutamine instead of argenine, prevents APC from cleaving factor V, increased risk of venous thrombosis |
|
|
Term
| Assay for factor V leiden |
|
Definition
| PCR, followed by hybridization with oligonucleotide probe for each specific allele |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| determine PTT in plasma before and after addition of activated protein C (dilute sample in factor 5 deficient plasma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mutation of guanine to adenine in 20210 position of prothrombin gene results in elevated levels of prothromin in blood, leads to increase of venous thrombosis. |
|
|
Term
| Factor 8 activity in blood can be increased due to |
|
Definition
| transient acute phase response, or long term, which is associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis |
|
|
Term
| If factor VIII levels are high, what must be proved |
|
Definition
| That it is not a transient response- C reactive protein will be normal in acute phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| modest elevation of homocysteine in plasma due to endothelial injury, increased arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| development of venous thrombosis requires multiple risk factors or a strong stimulusL hip surgery, AT defiviency+plane ride, prothrombin deficiency+oral contraceptives. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Children have fewer spontaneous thromboses than adults, children and young adults may require 3 or 4 risk factors before thrombosis occurs: central venous catheters, disease (cancer, heart, infection), hereditary deficiencies |
|
|
