Term
| What is the reference range for the total protein in the plasma? |
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Definition
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Term
| There are more than ______ proteins identified so far |
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Definition
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Term
| List the 9 Mechanisms that control protein levels in plasma: |
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Definition
Nutrition
Liver function
Renal function
Metabolic errors
Disease
Blood Loss
Hemolysis
Burns
Dehydration |
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Term
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Definition
| All proteins except Albumin |
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Term
| How do you calculate Globulin? |
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Definition
| Globulin = Total protein - Albumin |
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Term
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Definition
| Transports thyroid hormones T3 and T4, and Vit A |
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Term
| What is the half life of Prealbumin? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Maintains osmotic pressure (80%)
Carrier for bilirubin, fatty acids, Ca, Mg, drugs, and other substances |
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Term
| Which Plasma Protein is in the highest concentration? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Neutralizes elastase enzymes released from neutrophils |
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Term
| If unchecked what will Elastin cause? |
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Definition
| Structural damage to alveoli |
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Term
| What will a deficiency in Antitrypsin lead to? |
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Definition
| Emphysema (as early as age 20) and cirrhosis |
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Term
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Definition
Hepatocellular tumor marker
Low amounts and no purpose in adult serum |
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Term
| What are High levels of Fetoprotein in amniotic fluid and maternal serum consistent with? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Binds free hemoglobin after cell lysis to prevent loss into the urine. |
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Term
| What organ recycles the iron and amino acids after RBCs have been lysed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Low levels of Haptoglobin is often associated with? |
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Definition
Hemolytic anemia
Transfusion reactions |
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Term
| Increased levels of Haptoglobin is often associated with? |
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Definition
| Inflammation (acute phase protein) |
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Term
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Definition
Increase in response to tissue injury
General and non-specific
Act to destroy or inhibit microbes |
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Term
The following are all considered what type of reactants?
CRP, A1AT, Haptoglobin, Fibrinogen, C3, C4, others |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the reference range of Urinary proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Microalbumin in the urine is an early indicator of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bence Jones Protein (free light chains) may occur in what disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What protein produced in tubules is the basic matrix of urinary casts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the reference range or CSF Proteins? |
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Definition
| 15-45 mg/dL (1/200 of plasma level) |
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Term
| Cerebrospinal fluid proteins |
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Definition
| Indicates either increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier or increased production within the Central Nervous System |
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Term
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Definition
| Determines the source of an elevated CSF IgG protein |
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Term
| Formula for the CSF IgG Index |
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Definition
| (CSF IgG x Serum albumin) / (Serum IgG x CSF albumin) |
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Term
| In what type of diseases will you see a nonspecific elevation of CSF Proteins? |
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Definition
Meningitis
Traumatic Tap
Multiple Sclerosis
Others |
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Term
| What is the reference range of the CSF IgG index? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the CSF IgG Index is >0.8 what does this indicate? |
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Definition
| Increased IgG production within the CSF |
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Term
| If the CSF IgG Index is >0.8 what is this consistent with? |
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Definition
Multiple Sclerosis
Some bacterial infections and inflammatory diseases |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does decreased copper cause? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Low ceruloplasmin causes accumulations of copper in skin, liver, brain, and cornea. Cirrhosis, neurologic damage, and Kayser-Fleischer rings |
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Term
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Definition
Present on the surface of all white cells, especially lymphs.
At the time of diagnosis, levels reflect stage of disease and likely prognosis |
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Term
| Overproduction of what causes increased levels of Beta 2 Microglobulin? |
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Definition
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Term
| High levels of what in HIV indicate the virus is killing lymphs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do high levels of Beta 2 Microglobulin after kidney transplants indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Transports plasma iron to storage sites and bone marrow
Prevents loss of iron into urine |
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Term
| When Transferrin is increased what is often associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A group of proteins that bind to ag-ab complexes to cause cell lysis |
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Term
| What does a decrease in Complement cause? |
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Definition
| Increased susceptibility to infections |
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Term
| What is Complement decreased in? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Forms a fibrin clot when activated by thrombin |
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Term
| Is Fibrinogen seen in serum? |
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Definition
| No, because it is used up in the clotting process |
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Term
| When Fibrinogen is increased what is potentially happening? |
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Definition
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Term
| C-Reactive Protein (Beta) |
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Definition
Non specific
Inflammatory conditions: tissue necrosis, infections, AMI, rheumatoid arthritis |
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Term
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Definition
Predictor for risk of heart attack and stroke.
Requires high-sensitivity testing methods |
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Term
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Definition
Synthesized in plasma cells in response to antigens
IgG, A, M, D, E |
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Term
| Monoclonal increases in Immunoglobulins are consistent with which 2 diseases? |
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Definition
Multiple Myeloma
Waldenstrom's |
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Term
| Myoglobin and Troponin - cardiac markers |
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Definition
| Skeletal and cardiac muscle proteins |
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Term
True or False:
The degree of elevation of Myoglobin and/or Troponin may be indicative of the extent of cardiac damage |
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Definition
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