Term
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Definition
infectious thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein.
most often develops as a complication of a bacterial sore throat infection in young, otherwise healthy adults. |
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Term
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Definition
The cause of Behçet's disease is unknown, but it may be the body's immune system attacking healthy cells (autoimmune disorder).
Symptoms include mouth and genital sores, inflamed eyes, and rashes. |
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Term
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Definition
Common illness in children; similar to hand foot mouth
Caused by Coxsackie type A |
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Term
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Definition
| Periodic fever w/ aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis |
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Term
| How often does a patient need to get tonsillitis to be a candidate for tonsillectomy? |
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Definition
More than 7 times in 1 year
More than 5/year for 2 years
More than 3/year for 3 years |
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Term
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Definition
| Recover in 3 days with home supportive therapy; if severe, dexamethasone and/or epi neb |
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Term
| Tx for bacterial pharyngitis? |
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Definition
| Ampicillin-sulbactam or 2nd/3rd gen ceph |
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Term
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Definition
| Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime +/- vanco |
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Term
| What disease is associated w/ "strawberry tongue"? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Mucocutaneous, inflammation of medium-sized muscular arteries |
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Term
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Definition
CRP/ESR, LFTs
IV Immunoglobulin |
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Term
| What type of virus is RSV? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How wide does the jaw normally open? |
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Definition
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Term
| Retropharyngeal abscess tx? |
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Definition
| Clindamycin, cefoxitin, timentin, zosyn, or unasyn |
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Term
| Vaccination schedule for HiB? |
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Definition
1st dose- 2 months
2nd dose- 4 months
3rd dose- 6 months
4th dose- 12-15 months |
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Term
| Topical tx for otitis externa? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what part of the mouth does hairy leukoplakia most often present? |
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Definition
| Lateral surface of tongue |
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Term
| What diseases can trigger hairy leukoplakia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment of choice for recurrent bacterial sinusitis? |
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Definition
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) |
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Term
| Gold standard for sinus imaging? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bacterial infection that occurs in the floor of the mouth, under the tongue. It often develops after an infection of the roots of the teeth (such as tooth abscess) or a mouth injury. |
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Term
| MC organisms in acute otitis media? |
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Definition
| Strep pneumoniae, H. influenza, strep pyogenes |
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Term
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Definition
| IV antibiotics- ceftriaxone/vanco |
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Term
| What is our major concern following strep throat infection? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
aka rhinitis
Irritation and swelling of the mucous membrane in the nose. |
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Term
| What causes the stereotypical "barking cough" of croup? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the classic X ray sign in croup? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the indication for dextromethorphan? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease entity presents w/ "Hot potato voice" (muffled) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
For peritonsillar abscess
1) trismus (abscess pushes on muscles that open jaw)
2) uvula deviation to contralateral side
3) dysphonia |
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Term
| Kawasaki disease diagnostic criteria |
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Definition
fever >/= 5 days plus 4 of the 5 following:
1) bilateral bulbar conjunctivitis
2) Oral mucous membrane changes
3) Peripheral extremity changes, such as erythema of palms/soles, periungual desquamation
4) polymorphous rash
5) cervical lymphadenopathy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the indication for the Dix-Hallpike maneuver? |
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Definition
| To diagnose posterior canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) |
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Term
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Definition
| Otoconia shift from utricle to semicircular canals |
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Term
| Meniere's disease symptoms |
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Definition
| recurrent episodes of vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus; episodes may be accompanied by a headache and a feeling of fullness in the ears |
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Term
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Definition
| Distended endolymph- in vestibule, causes vertigo, in cochlea, causes tinnitus and hearing loss |
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Term
| Episodic vertigo w/ hearing loss makes you think of _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Episodic vertigo w/o hearing loss makes you think of ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Continuous vertigo w/ hearing loss makes you think of ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Continuous vertigo w/o hearing loss makes you think of ______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| impaired ability to perform rapid, alternating movements (associated w/ cerebellar dysfunction) |
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Term
| Causes of peripheral vertigo? |
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Definition
| BPPV, Meniere's, AOM, labyrinthitis, vestibular neuritis, trauma |
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Term
| Causes of central vertigo? |
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Definition
| Meningitis, encephalitis, vertebral basilar insufficiency, cerebellar hemorrhage, temporal lobe epilepsy, tumors |
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Term
| Indication for supine head roll test? |
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Definition
| Dx of lateral/horizontal canal BPPV |
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Term
| Epley maneuver indication? |
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Definition
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Term
| Indication for tympanostomy tubes in children? |
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Definition
| ≥3 distinct and well-documented episodes of AOM within six months or ≥4 episodes within 12 months |
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Term
| What will the Halo test performed on nasal or ear drainage indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| highly debilitating hearing disorder characterized by an increased sensitivity to certain frequencies and volume ranges of sound |
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Term
| Signs of basilar skull fracture? |
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Definition
Battle's sign (postauricular hematoma)
Raccoon eyes (periorbital hematoma)
Hemotympanum |
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Term
| What should be our biggest concern with unilateral hearing loss? |
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Definition
| Acoustic neuroma (MRI to confirm) |
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Term
| For which age group should we always treat AOM w/ abx? |
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Definition
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Term
| MOA of oseltamavir and zanamivir? |
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Definition
Neuraminidase inhibitors
Used to tx flu |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits viral RNA polymerase |
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Term
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Definition
aka stye
A red, painful lump near the edge of the eyelid that may look like a boil or pimple. |
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Term
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Definition
| benign, painless bump or nodule inside the upper or lower eyelid. Chalazia (plural for chalazion) result from healed internal styes that no longer are infectious. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the lacrimal sac |
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Term
| Dx: red, burning, crusting, scaling, red-rimming eyelid w/ eyelash flaking |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Eyelid hygiene (warm compresses)
Abx: azithromycin |
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Term
| Ways to distinguish chalazion from hordeolum? |
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Definition
Hordeolum = painful, @ lid margin
Chalazion = painless granuloma of internal Meibomian gland |
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Term
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Definition
| Yellow, elevated nodule on nasal side of sclera |
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Term
Trauma plus the following lead to what dx:
-decreased visual acuity
-diplopia especially w/ upward gaze
-orbital emphysema |
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Definition
| Orbital floor blowout fracture |
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Term
| Imaging of choice in blowout fractures? |
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Definition
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Term
| MC cause of blindness/vision loss in elderly? (>75) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Small, round, yellow-white spots on outer retina
Seen in Macular degeneration |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| straight lines appear bent |
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Term
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Definition
| Amsler grid at home to monitor stability |
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Term
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Definition
| Intravitreal anti-angiogenics e.g. bevacizumab |
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Term
| MC cause of new permanent vision loss in 25-74y.o.? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Funduscopic exam in diabetic retinopathy? |
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Definition
Cotton wool spots
Flame hemorrhages
Hard exudates |
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Term
| Arterial narrowing is what grade of HTN retinopathy? |
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Definition
I
Copper wiring- moderate, silver-wiring- severe |
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Term
| A-V nicking is what grade of HTN ret.? |
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Definition
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Term
| Flame hemorrhages, cotton wool spots = what grade of HTN ret? |
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Definition
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Term
| Papilledema is what grade of HTN ret? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is retinal detachment painful? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sxs of retinal detachment? |
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Definition
Photopsia, floaters, progressive unilateral vision loss
NO PAIN |
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Term
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Definition
Clumping of brown-colored pigment cells in anterior vitreous humor resembling "tobacco dust"
Can indicate retinal detachment |
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Term
| MC cause of viral conjunctivitis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Optic antihistamine/mast cell stabilizer for redness/itching |
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Term
| What solution should you use to flush eyes in case of chemical burns? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is more damaging to the eye: alkali burns or acidic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Distinction b/w septal and preseptal cellulitis? |
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Definition
Septal = infection of the fat & ocular muscles. CT imaging. Usually follows sinus infection. Pain w/ ocular movement, decreased vision, proptosis (bulging eye)
Preseptal: infection of eyelid & periocular tissue. NO PAIN WITH OCULAR MOVEMENT OR VISION CHANGE |
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Term
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Definition
| Misalignment of the eyes ("lazy eye") |
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Term
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Definition
Types of strabismus.
Eso = convergent- deviated inward (cross eyed)
Exo = divergent- deviated outward |
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Term
| What is the cover-uncover test used to dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| Screening test for strabismus? |
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Definition
| Hirschberg corneal light reflex test |
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Term
| Corneal injection/limbic flush should lead you toward what dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sxs of bacterial keratitis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Dendritic lesions (branching seen w/ fluorescein stain) |
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Term
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Definition
| Lens opacification (thickening) |
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Term
| What is our biggest concern in babies w/ absent red reflex + white pupil? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Decreases aqueous humor production |
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Term
| Halos around light should make you think of what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Swinging flashlight test- positive if affected eye constricts less to light
Relative afferent pupillary defect |
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Term
| MC cause of optic neuritis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drugs can cause optic neuritis? |
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Definition
| Ethambutol (anti-tuberculosis), chloramphenicol (interferes with ribosome 50S) |
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Term
| Is optic neuritis painful? |
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Definition
| Yes- ocular pain worse w/ eye movement |
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Term
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Definition
| Corticosteroids (methylprednisolone) |
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Term
| Etiology of optic neuritis |
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Definition
| Acute inflammatory demyelination of optic nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| Pupil constricts to accommodation but not to bright light |
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Term
| MC cause of Argyll-Robertson pupil? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does mydriasis precipitate or relieve glaucoma? |
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Definition
| Precipitate- dilation closes the angle |
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Term
| Mid-dilated, fixed, nonreactive pupil |
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Definition
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Term
| MC microbe in otitis externa? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Tx of eustachian tube dysfunction? |
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Definition
| Decongestants to lower ET edema: pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, oxymetazoline nasal spray |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal keratinized collection of desquamated squamous epithelium |
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Term
| Is horizontal, fatigable nystagmus associated w/ peripheral or central vertigo? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1) antihistamines (meclizine)
2) dopamine blockers (metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, promethazine)
3) anticholinergics (scopolamine)
4) benzos (lorazepam, diazepam) |
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Term
| What type of cells are involved in acoustic neuroma |
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Definition
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Term
| Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss- think what? |
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Definition
| Neurofibromatosis type II |
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Term
| What foods should be avoided in pts w/ Meniere's? |
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Definition
| Salt, chocolate, coffee, EtOH (increase endolymphatic pressure) |
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Term
| MC cause of chronic bacterial sinusitis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| MC cause of chronic fungal sinusitis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Fungi invade the sinuses & may enter CNS
Seen in immunocompromised pts |
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Term
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Definition
| Amphtericin B (binds irreversibly to ergosterol) |
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Term
| Nasal polyps and pale, boggy turbinates associated w/ what type of rhinitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| MC vascular sites of bleeding in anterior and posterior epistaxis? |
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Definition
Anterior- Kiesselbach's plexus
Posterior- palatine artery |
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Term
| Centor criteria for strep throat? |
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Definition
Def give abx if 4-5 out of 5:
1) Fever over 100.4
2) Pharyngotonsillar exudates
3) Absence of cough
4) Anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
+1 if <15yrs, -1 if >44 yrs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Painful white patchy lesion that can be scraped off and leave behind erythema or bleeding in mouth? |
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Definition
| Thrush (candida albicans) |
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Term
| Painless white patchy lesion that cannot be scraped off tongue? |
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Definition
| Oral leukoplakia- premalignant lesion |
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Term
| Cause of oral hairy leukoplakia? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Lacy leukoplakia/Wickham striae of oral mucosa associated w/? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Ludwig's angina- signs & tx? |
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Definition
Swelling & erythema of upper neck & chin; pus on floor of mouth
Ampicillin/sulbactam |
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