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CLEP American Government
CLEP Study guide
92
Other
Undergraduate 1
02/05/2024
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Term
1. According to the Constitution, Congress may not?
 Definition
Grant titles of nobility correct
Term
2. A tax levied after one dies is called?
 Definition
An estate tax correct
Term
3.The president has been required to submit a budget to Congress since the passage of the?
 Definition
Budget and Accounting Act
Term
4.The Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution states that the vice president becomes president in all of the following cases except when?
 Definition
The president travels abroad to negotiate treaties correct
Term
5.Which of the following ensures that the president and the vice president are of the same party affiliation?
 Definition
The Twelfth Amendment
Term
6.Which of the following best explains the consistent growth of the federal bureaucracy over the past hundred years?
 Definition
Public demand for, and expectation of, social services
Term
7. Which of the following is clearly a task charged to the Federal Reserve as a regulatory agency?
 Definition
Providing financial services to depository institutions, the United States government and foreign institutions, as well as playing a key role in operating the nation’s payments system
Term
8. An example of an independent regulatory agency is?
 Definition
The Federal Reserve
Term
9. Which of the following is most likely to weaken party leadership in the Senate?
 Definition
The use of filibuster by individual senators correct
Term
10. Which of the following actions gives the president an advantage over Congress in promoting policy?
 Definition
Utilizing the media through the bully pulpit
Term
11. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the media and citizens?
 Definition
Citizens tend to seek out media that reinforce rather than challenge existing ideological views.
Term
12.The ability of the media to define the importance of particular events and issues is called?
 Definition
Agenda setting
Term
13. The framers of the original Constitution thought that which of the following would best protect judicial independence?
 Definition
Life tenure during good behavior correct
Term
14. Which of the following was a consequence of the New Deal legislation passed during the Great Depression under the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt?
 Definition
The federal government became a more important agent of change than in previous presidential administrations.
Term
15. The power of judicial review was established in?
 Definition
Marbury v. Madison
Term
16. Which of the following is a check on the power of the United States Supreme Court?
 Definition
Congress controls the number of justices who may sit on the Court.
Term
17. Which of the following accurately describes a type of opinion that Supreme Court Justices issue?
 Definition
All Three
I. A majority opinion
II. A concurring opinion
III. A dissenting opinion
Term
18. The practice whereby individual senators can veto federal judicial nominations in their respective states is called?
 Definition
senatorial courtesy
Term
19. All of the following statements correctly describe judicial appointments at the federal level EXCEPT?
 Definition
Congress nominates and confirms all appointments to the federal judiciary
Term
20. When judicial nominees come before the Senate Judiciary Committee to testify, the Senate is fulfilling which of its roles?
 Definition
Advice and consent
Term
21. If a party to a federal civil lawsuit loses the case and chooses to appeal, it would take the appeal to the?
 Definition
United States Courts of Appeals correct
Term
22. Which of the following statements about Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka is correct?
 Definition
It declared segregation by race in the public schools unconstitutional
Term
23. Which of the following best defines the term “judicial activism”?
 Definition
The attempts by judges to influence public policy through their case decisions
Term
24. Which of the following Supreme Court cases involved the principle of one person, one vote?
 Definition
Baker v. Carr
Term
25. In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court establish the precedent that a right to privacy stems from several amendments in the Bill of Rights?
 Definition
Griswold v. Connecticut
Term
26. The federal government may restrict civil liberties during a time of war citing?
 Definition
The need to protect national security
Term
27. How is the Constitution amended?
 Definition
By ratification through the vote of state legislatures correct
Term
28. An oral statement that is false and intended to damage an individual is known as?
 Definition
Slander
Term
29. Which of the following principles protects a citizen from imprisonment without trial?
 Definition
Due process
Term
30. All of the following are constitutional rights that neither the federal government nor the states can restrict EXCEPT the right to?
 Definition
Be indicted by grand jury
Term
31. The right to keep and bear arms can be found in?
 Definition
The Second Amendment
Term
32. Citizen’s rights to privacy can be found in?
 Definition
The Bill of Rights
Term
33. An election is a realigning or critical election if?
 Definition
There is a lasting change in party coalitions
Term
34. In the United States political system, the situation when one party controls the presidency while the opposing party controls both houses of Congress is known as?
 Definition
divided government
Term
35. Which of the following is true of political parties?
 Definition
They try to gain control of government by winning elections
Term
36. Which of the following factors has most contributed to the persistence of the two-party system in the United States?
 Definition
Plurality rules for determining election outcomes
Term
37. The third two-party system, in place since 1856, is made up of?
 Definition
The Democrats and the Republicans
Term
38. As compared with Republicans and Democrats, Independents in the United States are typically?
 Definition
less likely to vote in elections
Term
39. The formation of numerous numbers of political action committees in the 1970s was a result of?
 Definition
The passage of bills by Congress attempting to limit the amount of money entering elections
Term
40. Critics of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, better known as the McCain-Feingold Act, challenged it in the Supreme Court claiming it as a violation of rights found in the?
 Definition
First Amendment
Term
41. In the electoral history of the United States, third parties have been effective vehicles of protest when they?
 Definition
Dramatized issues and positions that were being ignored by the major parties
Term
42. Individuals who identify themselves as conservative would most likely support which of the following?
 Definition
Lowering barriers to trade
Term
43. In the past 30 years, the single most important variable in determining the outcome of an election for a member of the House of Representatives has been?
 Definition
Incumbency
Term
44. The weakening of political parties is most often traced to?
 Definition
Progressive Era reforms
Term
45. A theoretical explanation of the operation of diverse interests in American politics is found in?
 Definition
The Federalist papers
Term
46. The formation of numerous interest groups during the post–Civil War industrialization shows the?
 Definition
Influence of social tensions and economic stress on group formation
Term
47.A law that requires lobbyists to clearly state who their clients are and what they are lobbying for is?
 Definition
The Legislative Reorganization Act
Term
48. Throughout most of the twentieth century, which of the following was most likely to occur in midterm congressional elections?
 Definition
The party of the president typically lost seats in Congress, regardless of whether the president was a Republican or a Democrat.
Term
49. According to the Constitution, which of the following decides the presidential election outcome in the event that a single candidate does not get a majority of electoral votes?
 Definition
The House of Representatives
Term
50. Which of the following statements is historically true of the Electoral College?
 Definition
The winner of the Electoral College also usually wins the popular vote.
Term
51. The 2016 presidential election was one of only five presidential elections when?
 Definition
The winner of the popular vote did not win the presidency
Term
52. All of the following are ways through which citizens learn about politics except?
 Definition
Regulatory agencies
Term
53. Which of the following is generally the most significant influence on an individual’s identification with a particular political party?
 Definition
Family
Term
54. Which of the following best describes the relationship between socioeconomic status and participation in politics?
 Definition
The higher one’s socioeconomic status, the greater the probability of active involvement in the political process.
Term
55. Which of the following is the strongest determinant of an individual’s voting behavior?
 Definition
Political party affiliation
Term
56. All of the following criteria must be met to become of citizen of the United States except?
 Definition
Being sponsored by a United States citizen correct
Term
57. A graph denoting public opinion that reveals a bell curve with the fewest numbers of people being of extreme opinion on either end of the graph and the greatest number in the middle is representative of?
 Definition
Normal distribution
Term
58. Closely held ideas that support values and expectations about life and politics are called?
 Definition
Beliefs
Term
59. One important change in political culture since the Second World War is that United States citizens have become?
 Definition
less trusting of governmental institutions and leaders
Term
60. Which of the following contemporary political ideologies posits that government power should be used to promote individual economic security and redistribute resources, but rejects the notion that government should favor a particular set of social values?
 Definition
Liberalism
Term
61. Of the following list of ideologies, Americans are most likely to identify with?
 Definition
Conservatism
Term
62. The differences between the political attitudes of men and women are referred to as?
 Definition
the gender gap
Term
63. Which of the following best defines political culture?
 Definition
It is the shared attitudes of a people regarding government
Term
64. When the media calls out every candidates’ moves throughout the presidential campaign this is called?
 Definition
Horserace coverage
Term
65. Which of the following accounts for the greatest percentage of expenditure for state and local governments in the United States?
 Definition
Elementary and secondary education
Term
66. Which of the following best describes the concept of federalism embodied in the United States government? The Constitution divides power between a central government and its constituent governments, with some powers being shared.
 Definition
The Constitution divides power between a central government and its constituent governments, with some powers being shared.
Term
67. Public opinion is given a lot of attention in democracies because the democratic form of government rests on?
 Definition
the consent of the governed
Term
68. James Madison’s goal of setting power against power to minimize the concentration of authority in any one branch of government is outlined in the Constitution as a system of?
 Definition
checks and balances
Term
69. The authority of a chief executive to withhold approval from specific parts of appropriations bills passed by the legislature is known as?
 Definition
a line-item veto
Term
70. Which of the following political philosophers most influenced the writing of the United States Constitution?
 Definition
Locke
Term
71. Which of the following is true of the Articles of Confederation?
 Definition
They created a national government with a legislature but no executive or judiciary.
Term
72. All of the following can be considered weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation except?
 Definition
No legislative branch existed
Term
73. In the Constitution as originally ratified in 1788, the provisions regarding which of the following most closely approximate popular, majoritarian democracy?
 Definition
Election of members of the House of Representatives
Term
74. The Great Compromise solved one of the greatest challenges facing the framers of the Constitution at the Constitutional Convention the issue of?
 Definition
Representation in Congress
Term
75. In The Federalist paper number 10, James Madison argued that?
 Definition
the growth of factions was inevitable in a democracy
Term
76. Which of the following statements best reflects the pluralist theory of American politics?
 Definition
Public policies emerge from compromises reached among competing groups.
Term
77. Prior to the Voting Rights Act of 1965, literacy tests were used by some southern states to?
 Definition
prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote
Term
78. Which of the following best describes a referendum?
 Definition
Citizens vote directly on laws proposed by a state legislature.
Term
79. The use of initiative and referendum illustrates which of the following theories of governance?
 Definition
Direct democracy
Term
80. Which of the following best explains the consistent growth of the federal bureaucracy over the past hundred years?
 Definition
Public demand for, and expectation of, social services
Term
81. Public opinion is given a lot of attention in democracies because the democratic form of government rests on?
 Definition
the consent of the governed
Term
82. Although the Constitution does not explicitly give Congress the right to enact a military draft, which clause in the Constitution allows Congress to do so?
 Definition
Necessary and proper clause
Term
83. Which of the following committee 83. assignments would confer the most power and influence on members of the House of Representatives?
 Definition
Ways and Means
Term
84. Differences between House and Senate versions of a bill are resolved?
 Definition
in a conference committee
Term
85. The passage of legislation in Congress often depends on mutual accommodations among members?
 Definition
This suggests that, to some extent, congressional behavior is based on? the principle of reciprocity
Term
86. The power of the Rules Committee in the House of Representatives primarily stems from its authority to?
 Definition
limit the time for debate and determine whether amendments to a bill can be considered
Term
87. Which of the following is a difference between the House of Representatives and the Senate?
 Definition
The Senate has the exclusive power to ratify treaties.
Term
88. If the vice presidency of the United States is vacated, the Constitution stipulates that the president must?
 Definition
appoint a new vice president with the approval of both houses of Congress
Term
89. Which of the following is true of both the House of Representatives and the Senate?
 Definition
Both chambers employ a complex system of permanent committees to assist them in carrying out their legislative duties.
Term
90. The principal source of presidents’ political influence is their?
 Definition
constitutional authority to execute public policies
Term
91. Among the expressed powers of the federal government enumerated in the Constitution of the United States is the power to?
 Definition
regulate interstate trade and commerce
Term
92. Each of the following is a power of Congress EXCEPT?
 Definition
recognizing foreign governments
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