Term
| What are cells capable of? |
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Definition
| performing various useful functions |
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Term
| What is intracellular (Ground) substance? |
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Definition
| lies between cells. Supports cells structurally and physiologically by providing nourishment and disposing of waste products |
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Term
| What is the purpose of body fluids? |
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Definition
| provides a medium for dissloving, mixing, and transporting substances as well as carrying out chemical reactions |
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Term
| What are three ways that cells can vary? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| smallest unit of organization in the body capable of performing function |
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Term
| What is tissue formed by? |
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Definition
| cells with similar characteristics and specialize in a common function |
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Term
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Definition
| when tissues band together to form a body part that performs a specific function |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of organs that function together |
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Term
|
Definition
| active transport of material out of a cell |
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Term
|
Definition
| uptake of material from the environment |
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Term
| What are the two types of endocytosis? |
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Definition
| pinocytosis and phagocytosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| ingesting extracellular fluid |
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Term
|
Definition
| engulfing and digesting solid material |
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Term
|
Definition
| the capacity to respond to stimulus |
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Term
| What are two types of irrritability? |
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Definition
| conductivity and conractility |
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Term
|
Definition
| ability to transmit an electrical pulse |
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Term
|
Definition
| the ability to change shape |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which food and oxygen are chemically converted to energy, CO2, and water |
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Term
| What is secretion and excretion? What is the difference between then? |
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Definition
processes by which cell rides itself of material
secretion-useful product exits cell
excretion-waste product exits cell |
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Term
|
Definition
| the ability to increase in size |
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Term
|
Definition
| the ability to increase in number |
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Term
| What does a cell generally include? |
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Definition
| a bag of fluid and inclusions |
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Term
| What is the function of the cell membrane that surrounds the cell? |
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Definition
| functions to keep cellular fluid and components in and the foreign material out |
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Term
| What are the two cell membrane layers? |
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Definition
| lipid layer and protein layer |
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Term
|
Definition
| fluid portion of the cell |
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Term
| What does the cytoplasm contain? (besides fluid) |
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Definition
| structures and some voids |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Where is the cell's genetic code stored? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the fluid portion of the nucleus called? What is its purpose? |
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Definition
| nucleoplasm, contains molecules used in construction ribosomes, DNA, and RNA |
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Term
| Proteins in the nucleoplasm include...(4) |
|
Definition
1.chromatin
2.mRNA
3.tRNA
4.rRNA |
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Term
| What does the nucleolus produce? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the nucleus membrane surrounded by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the nuclear envelope? |
|
Definition
| a double layered membrane pierced by nuclear pores |
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Term
| What do nuclear pores do? |
|
Definition
| act as means of communication between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm |
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Term
|
Definition
-convert glucose to ATP, site of metabolic reactions
-helps balance concentration of water, calcium, an other ions int he cytoplasm |
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Term
| Where are ribosomes formed? What are they formed from? |
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Definition
| made in nucleus from rRNA and protein |
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Term
| What is the function of ribosomes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where can ribosomes be found? |
|
Definition
| free in the cytoplasm, bound to the ER or within mitochondria |
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Term
| What is the endoplasmic reticulum? |
|
Definition
-a system of parallel membrane-bound channels
-functions to modify, store, segregate, and transport proteins |
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Term
| What is the ER continuous with? What is it's texture? |
|
Definition
| continuous with the nuclear envelope, classified as smooth or rough |
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Term
| What can ER be dotted with on its surface? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the golgi complex composed of? |
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Definition
| stacks of flattened, smoothed membraned sacs parallel to one another |
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Term
| Where are vesicles of protein molecules transferred to the golgi complex from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are protein molecules in the golgi complex wrapped in? What does this produce? |
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Definition
| a membrane, to produce a vesicle |
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Term
| Where are the vesicles of golgi complex sent? |
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Definition
| vesicles sent to the cell's surface to be released by exocytosis(secretion or excretion) |
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Term
| What are lysosomes produced by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane bound vesicles that contain powerful hydrolytic and digestive enzymes |
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Term
| What is the main enzyme produced by lysosomes? Why is this enzyme important to us? |
|
Definition
| hyaluronidase, important in perio disease because it breaks down the bone |
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Term
| What are lysosomes main function? |
|
Definition
| to digest waste and foreign material |
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Term
| Where are centrosome located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do centrosomes contain? |
|
Definition
| centrioles(pair of cylindrical structures) |
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Term
| What is the centrosome main function? |
|
Definition
| ti form mitotic spindle during cell division |
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Term
| What is the cytoskeleton? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cytoskeleton composed of? |
|
Definition
| microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the cytoskeleton? |
|
Definition
| lends stability, creates pathways for movement of molecules through cell |
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Term
|
Definition
| metabolic inert substances or structures |
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Term
| How many inclusions are made? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of inclusions? |
|
Definition
-melanin in skin
-residual bodies like spent lysosomes and their digested material |
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Term
|
Definition
| form of cell division that creates 2 daughter identical cells |
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|
Term
| What are the 4 phases of mitosis? |
|
Definition
1.prophase
2.metaphase
3.anaphase
4.telophase |
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|
Term
| What are two extracellular materials? |
|
Definition
| fluids(interstitial fluid) and semisolid substances(ground substance) |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of interstitial fluid? |
|
Definition
| provides a medium for dissolving, mixing, and transporting substances and assists in carrying out chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
| What does fluid recycle as? |
|
Definition
| plasma, lymph, and interstitial fluid |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of ground substance? |
|
Definition
| serves as barrier as well as a medium for gases and metabolic substance exchange |
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|
Term
| What are intracellular junctions? |
|
Definition
| mechanical attachments between cells |
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|
Term
| What do attachment devices include in intracellular junctions? |
|
Definition
| attachment plaque and tonofilaments |
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