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Definition
| punishment intended to discourage the commission of offenses to the general public |
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Definition
| punishment inflicted on a person who deserves to be penalized |
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Definition
| punishment inflicted on criminals to discourage them from committing future crimes |
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Definition
| depriving an offender of the ability to commit crimes |
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| targeting offenders whose incapacitation will reduce crime in society the most |
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Definition
| restoring a convicted offender to a constructive place in society |
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Definition
| punishment designed to repair the damage done to the victim and community |
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Definition
| the range of a sentence determined by a judge |
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Definition
| a fixed amount of time for a sentence |
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Term
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Definition
| the range of a sentence determined by the legislature or a commission |
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Term
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Definition
| a required penalty for a certain offense committed by a certain offender |
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Definition
| a reduction of an inmate's prison sentence for good behavior |
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Definition
| a reduction of an inmate's prison sentence as a reward for participation in educational or rehabilitation programs and work assignments |
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Term
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Definition
| a variety of punishments that are more restrictive than probation but less restrictive than jail |
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Term
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Definition
| a sentence that the offender is allowed to serve under supervision of the community |
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Term
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Definition
| a sentence in which the offender is released after a short incarceration |
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Term
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Definition
| ruled the death penalty, as administered, unconstitutional |
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Term
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Definition
| changed the death penalty laws and divided the trial and punishment phase of court proceedings |
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Term
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Definition
| rejected the challenge to the death penalty on grounds of racial discrimination |
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Term
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Definition
| ruled execution of developmentally disabled offenders unconstitutional |
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Definition
| ruled execution of minors unconstitutional |
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Term
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Definition
| ruled that those who oppose the death penalty may be excluded from trial during voir dire |
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Term
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Definition
| a mechanism to indicate to judges the expected sanction for certain offenses |
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Term
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Definition
| the variety of programs, services, facilities, and organizations responsible for the management of people who have been accused or convicted of criminal offenses |
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Term
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Definition
| a movement during the eighteenth century in England and France in which concepts of liberalism, rationalism, equality, and individualism dominated social and political thinking |
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Term
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Definition
| an institution intended to punish criminals by isolating them from society and from one another so they can reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and reform |
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Term
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Definition
| a penitentiary system, developed in pennsylvania, in which each inmate was held in isolation from other inmates. all activities took place in cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a penitentiary system in which each inmate was held in isolation during the night but worked and ate with other prisoners during the day under a rule of silence |
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Term
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Definition
| a system under which inmates' labor was sold on a contractual basis to private employers who provided the machinery and raw materials with which inmates made salable products in the institution |
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Term
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Definition
| a system under which inmates were leased to contractors who provided prisoners with food and clothing in exchange for their labor |
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Term
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Definition
| an institution that emphasizes training, a mark system of classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole |
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Term
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Definition
| a point system in which prisoners can reduce their term of imprisonment and gain release by earning marks or points through labor, good behavior, and educational achievement |
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Term
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Definition
| a model of corrections that emphasizes the need to restore a convicted offender to a constructive place in society through some form of vocational or educational training or therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| a model of corrections based on the assumption that criminal behavior is caused by biological or psychological conditions that require treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| a model of corrections based on the goal of reintegrating the offender into the community |
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Term
| crime control model of corrections |
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Definition
| a model of corrections based on the assumption that criminal behavior can be controlled by more use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision |
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Term
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Definition
| an institution for the incarceration of people convicted of serious crimes, usually felonies |
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Term
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Definition
| an institution authorized to hold pretrial detainees and sentenced misdemeanants for periods longer than 48 hours |
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Term
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Definition
| judges should not interfere wiht the administration of correctional institutions |
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Term
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Definition
| prisoners are entitled to the protection of the civil rights act of 1871 and may challenge in federal courts the conditions of their confinement |
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Term
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Definition
| prison officials have the authority to search cells and confiscate any materials found |
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Term
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Definition
| basic elements of procedural due process must be present when decisions are made about imposing significant punishments on prisoners for violation institutional rules |
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Term
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Definition
| due process rights require a prompt, informal, 2-stage inquiry before an impartial hearing officer before parole may be revoked. the parolee may present relevant info and confront witnesses |
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Term
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Definition
| before probation can be revoked, a 2-stage hearing must be held and the offender provided with specific elements of due process. requested counsel will be allowed on a case-by-case basis |
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