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| uses numerically based data. |
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| uses text, language, and visually based data |
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| A method that divides people being studied into two or more groups, applying a treatment to one of the groups, and determining if there are any differences in the reaction of the groups over a set period of time. |
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| Survey and Interview Research |
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| A method that uses a written questionnaire or formal interview to gather quantitative data on the backgrounds, behaviors, beliefs, or attitudes of a large number of people or agencies. |
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| The unobtrusive collection of data that have usually been left behind by others. |
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| EXISTING DOCUMENTS/STATISTICS RESEARCH |
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| A method that involves the collection and reanalysis of existing quantitative data. |
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| CONTENT ANALYSIS RESEARCH |
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| A nonreactive method used to examine the content, or information and symbols, contained in written documents or other communication media. |
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| ETHNOGRAPHIC FIELD RESEARCH |
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| A method in which the researcher engages the natural environment of their subjects and strives for an up close, personal, and highly detailed understanding of the research subjects’ culture. |
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| QUALITATIVE DOCUMENTS ANALYSIS (QDA) RESEARCH |
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| A nonreactive method that attempts to make theoretical sense of documents (text or visual) by analyzing their cultural meaning. |
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| A method that examines past events systematically in an effort to accurately describe and account for what has happened in the past. |
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| HISTORICAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH: |
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| A method that examines aspects of social and political life across different cultures and eras. |
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| The systematic collection and analysis of legal-related documents in order to generate knowledge about a given crime and justice subject. |
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| A genre of research that generates knowledge for the sake of knowledge. |
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| Knowledge not pursued for any instrumental purpose, but merely for the sake of making ethical, intellectual, and theoretical sense of our world. |
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| A genre of research where a study is conducted to address a specific concern or to offer solution to a problem. |
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| Research in which the primary purpose is to examine a little understood issue or phenomenon to develop new ideas and move toward refined research questions. |
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| Research in which the primary purpose is to “paint” a picture using words or numbers and to present a profile, a classification or types, or an outline of steps to answer the questions such as who, when, where, or how. |
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| Research in which the primary purpose is to explain why events occur and to build, elaborate, or test a theory. |
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| Research in which the primary purpose is to assess the effectiveness of a program, policy, or way of doing something. |
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| A type of thinking that scrutinizes knowledge claims using the criteria of reason and evidence. |
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| Scales developed by the researcher based primarily on face validity and personal judgment. |
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| Interview technique used to narrow down sensitive responses such as income into less threatening categories or ranges. |
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| case study (life history) |
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| In-depth investigation of a single case (individual, group, or community). |
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| Error of assuming that relationships proven true of groups are true of individuals. |
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Definition
contain all the properties of nominal variables, but they also enable the placement of objects into ranks, that is, highest to lowest. In Table 10.1, the city with the highest victim rate was assigned a rank of 1, the city with the second highest a rank of 2, and
so forth to 13 for the lowest. |
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