Term
| what are the two states that had the first prisons? |
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Definition
| Pennsylvania and New York |
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Term
early Pennsylvania systems had what characteristics
name 4 |
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Definition
1. separate confinement
2. no communication
3. solitary labor and bible reading/ moral rehabilitation
4. all activity in cells |
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Term
early NY systems had what characteristics
name 4 |
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Definition
1. congregate system
2. isolation only at night
3. worked under rule of silence
4. contract labor |
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Term
| main characteristic of prisoners of the south and west. |
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Definition
| leased system- leased to contractors for food clothing etc. |
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Term
| 3 principles of guided prison reform |
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Definition
1. separation of men and women
2. care within the needs of women
3. management of women's prisons by women |
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Term
| rehabilitation model characteristics |
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Definition
1. improving conditions in social environments
2. rehabilitating individual offenders
3. failed and discredited in 1970s |
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Term
| characteristics of the community model. |
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Definition
1. developed out of civil rights movement
2. purpose should be to reintegrate the offender
3. dominated until 1970s |
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Term
| characteristics of the crime control model. |
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Definition
1.failures of rehab model lead to crime control model
2. punitive measures
3. long sentences for violence
4. determinate sentences
5. get tough policy |
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Term
| levels of the prison system |
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Definition
1. minimum
2. medium
3. maximum
4. super-max |
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Term
|
Definition
| contains less violent offenders mostly white collar and 51% drug offenses. |
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Term
|
Definition
3 levels of security for men.
administration falls under executive branch.
vary in size, number, type, and location. |
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Term
|
Definition
40 states have a supermax prison.
most dangerous
extra tight security and isolation common. |
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Term
|
Definition
only 7% of prison population.
get lighter sentences.
institutions isolated far from families. |
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Term
|
Definition
operate in 32 states
holds 6.8% state prisoners
holds 16.4% of federal prisoners
1 billion a yr business |
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Term
|
Definition
1. cheaper
2. reduces jail and prison overcrowding |
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Term
|
Definition
1. poor service and programming
2. lower wages and benefits for officers
3. poor training
4. moral considerations |
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Term
| jails/short term incarceration and detention. |
|
Definition
1. operated by county
2. population is made up of pre-trial, awaingt sentance, misdemeanors, holds parole violators,relieve prison overcrowding. |
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Term
|
Definition
pre-1960s hands off policy
since offenders have gained access to courts.
case law has defined and recognized constitutional rights of inmates |
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Term
| case that gave and recognized constitutional rights of inmates. |
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Definition
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Term
| only right that inmates still do not have |
|
Definition
| the right against unreasonable search and seizure |
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Term
| restricted censorship of inmate mail |
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Definition
| Procunier VS. Martinez (1974) |
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Term
| ban on mail correspondence between inmates in different facilities |
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Definition
|
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Term
| prisoners don't have protection against search and seizure. safety is more important. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| deliberate indifference violates the 8th amendment. |
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Definition
| Estelle VS. Gamble (1976) |
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Term
| due process in prison discipline. |
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Definition
| Wolff VS. McDonnell (1974) |
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Term
| equal protection against racial discrimination. |
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Definition
| Lee VS. Washington (1968) |
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Term
| police do not need reason to search a parolee |
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Definition
| Samson VS. California (2006) |
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Term
| parolees have the right to an attorney and a two-step revocation process. |
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Definition
| Morrissey VS. Brewer (1972) |
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Term
| liability and the right to sue correctional employees |
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Definition
|
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Term
| there has been a significant_________ in the population under supervision |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 4 factors supporting community corrections |
|
Definition
1.not all deserve incarceration
2.cheaper then incarceration
3.recidivism rates not any higher then with those who do go to prison
4.need for support and supervision |
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Term
|
Definition
1.conditional release with supervision
2.mainly for lesser offenders
3.combined with other sanction. (fines,restitution,and community service)
4.4,200,000 offenders on probation |
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Term
|
Definition
| focus was therapeutic counseling - treatment and rehabilitation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| providing social services and reintegration |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| probation revocation occurs when- |
|
Definition
1. technical violation
2. new arrest or conviction (most likely) |
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Term
|
Definition
| criminal sanction/ 1 billion per yr./lesser offenses/ discriminate against the poor/many go uncollected |
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Term
|
Definition
| RICO act- seizure of goods related to the commission of an criminal act./ great potential for abuse |
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Term
| limits governments ability to seize property of offenders |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| house arrest w/ restriction/ great deal of flexibility for a sanction |
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Term
|
Definition
| ensures compliance/ problems include privacy and liability issues, compliance of technology, cost high, recidivism rates high. |
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Term
|
Definition
| symbolic/tailored to skills/work without pay |
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Term
| Intensive Supervision Probation or ISP |
|
Definition
| more restrictive/community based/ smaller case loads |
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Term
|
Definition
1. probation diversion
2. institutional diversion |
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Term
|
Definition
1. mostly juvinille
2. shock incarceration
3. 30-90 days
4. military style
5. probation officer take over after |
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Term
| 3 models of modern prisons |
|
Definition
1. custodial model
2. rehabilitation model
3. reintegration model |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 factors that make a prison unique |
|
Definition
1.defects of total power
2.limits reward and punishment
3.cooperation by inmates
4.strength of inmate leadership |
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Term
|
Definition
power of officers limited
prisoners little to lose
ratio of inmates to officers
rewards and punishments |
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Term
| modern prisons separate inmates by what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
counsel
supervise
protect
process
follow procedure |
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Term
| when is the use of force acceptable |
|
Definition
self-defense
defense of 3rd person
upholding rules
prevention of crime
prevention of escape |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the second leading cause of death in inmates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| facts about mentally ill prisoners |
|
Definition
56% of inmates have symptoms
incarceration rate for mentally ill is 2-4x that of general population |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. doing time-serving time
2. gleaning-bettering themselves
3. jailing-constructing a prison life
4.disorganized criminal-difficulty functioning |
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Term
| issues in a women's prison |
|
Definition
1.sexual misconduct
2.education and training
3.medical services
4.mothers and their children |
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Term
|
Definition
1.educational
2.vocational
3.prison industries
4.rehabilitative programs
5. medical services |
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Term
| 3 characteristics of underlying assaultive behavior |
|
Definition
1.age- men 16-24yrs more prone
2.attitudes
3.race-major division factor "convict code" |
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Term
| facts about prisoner reentry |
|
Definition
40% will return
many have served long sentences
not prepared for society
little support |
|
|
Term
| how many will be released? |
|
Definition
93%
77% on parole
19% will max out |
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|
Term
| 3 terms associated with parole- |
|
Definition
1.grace
2.contract
3.custody |
|
|
Term
| when and where did parole originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| maconochie's 5 stages of liberty |
|
Definition
1.strict imprisonment
2.labor / chain gang
3.limited freedom area
4.ticket for conditional pardon
5.full liberty restored |
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|
Term
| where did the USA develop parole |
|
Definition
Elmira state reformatory- initialy by volunteers
22 states by 1900
32 by 1932 |
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Term
|
Definition
1.discretionary-states retaining indeterminate sentencing
2.mandatory-setence served minus good behavior
3.expiration-max out
4.other conditional |
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|
Term
| 2 step probable cause hear process/ not just sent back without cause |
|
Definition
| morrissey VS. Brewerr(1972) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pardons serve what 3 purposes |
|
Definition
1.remedy miscarriage of justice
2.remove stigmata of conviction
3.mitigate a penalty |
|
|
Term
| how many juvenile offenders are there |
|
Definition
| 74 million with 1.5 million arrest a year |
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|
Term
| what is the concept called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the puritan era who's fault was it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the refuge period 1824-1899 |
|
Definition
house of refuge- half prison half school
reform schools
could be triad as adults |
|
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Term
|
Definition
first separate in Chicago
less adversarial
separation from adults
now called delinquents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extended 14th amendment of due process
notice of charges
right to counsel
right to confront and cross
protection against self incrimination |
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|
Term
| juvenile rights period 1960-1980 |
|
Definition
attacked extensive discretion
kent v us 1966
in re gault 1967
in re winship 1970
mckeiver v penn 1971
breed v jones 1975 |
|
|
Term
| crime control period 1980-2005 |
|
Definition
schall v martin 1984-
court halts juvenile system towards adult
reaffirmed parens patriae |
|
|
Term
| kids are different 2005-now |
|
Definition
miller v alabama and jackson v hobbs 2012
the courts bar manditory sentancing for juveniles offenders to life w/o parole recognizing capacity for change distinguished difference between them and adults |
|
|
Term
| 4 categories of juvenile jurisdiction |
|
Definition
1.deliquancey
2.status of offenses
3.neglect
4.dependency |
|
|
Term
| proceedings begin with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 45 states allow waiver to adult court |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| juvenile records remain sealed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dispositional hearing to see if found delinquent
rehab is only goal |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| goal to avoid incarceration if possible |
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