Term
|
Definition
| "eye for an eye" philosophy of justice, now know as just desserts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| philosophy of justice that asserts that the punishment should fit the crime and the culpability of the offender |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theory of punishment that holds that potential offenders will refrain from committing crimes for fear of punishment (sometimes called general prevention) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| threat of punishment intended to induce the general public not to engage in criminal acts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| threat of punishment that deters an offender from engaging in any additional criminal behavior, based on the disagreeable experience with a past punishment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| preventing persons from committing crime by physical restraint, for example, incarceration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| targeting of high-risk and recidivistic offenders for rigorous prosecution and incarceration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reformation of an offender through interventions such as educational and vocational programs and psychotherapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sanction that requires a defendant to serve a term in a local jail, state prison, or federal prison |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sentence that requires the convicted criminal to serve time in jail followed by probation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sanction that requires an offender to cover the cost of a victims' losses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sanction that requires an offender to spend a period of time performing public service work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sum of money paid as a penalty and/or as an alternative to or in conjunction with incarceration |
|
|
Term
| presentence investigation report |
|
Definition
| report prepared by the probation department for a judge; contains information about the offense, the offender, and the history of prior offenses and may include a recommendation of a sentence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| model of justice, as opposed to retributive justice, aiming at the offender's contribution to offset the harm done, including reconciliation with victims |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sentence for which the legislature allows the judge to impose a minimum and/or a maximum term, the actual length of service depending on the discretion of corrections officials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sentence to prison that has a fixed term; also called a flat sentence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sentence prescribed by the legislature, which a judge has no choice but to impose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| system for the judicial determination of a relatively firm sentence based on specific aggravating or mitigating circumstances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decommissioned ships converted into prisons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prison or place of confinement and correction for persons convicted of criminal acts; originally a place where convicts did penance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| institution designed to reform criminals through individualized treatment, education, and vocational training. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| facility that houses persons arrested and undergoing processing, awaiting trial, or awaiting transfer to a correctional facility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| facility where convicted offenders serve their sentence; includes country jails and state and federal prisons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| place of confinement administered by local officials and designed to hold persons for more than forty-eight hours but usually less than one year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| federal or state penal institution in which offenders serve sentences longer than one year |
|
|
