Term
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Definition
| A unique history that reflects Christ's constant presence in the Church that at all times interfaces with human history. The history of the Church is a record of the life and actions of men and women under the guiding light of the Holy Spirit acting in the Church. |
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Term
| What happened in 4 BC that is significant? |
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Definition
| This is the year Jesus is said to have been born in Bethlehem. |
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Term
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Definition
| The heritage of Fath contained in Sacred Scripture and Tradition, handed down by the Church from the time of th Apostles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Founded by Christ would perfect the Old Law through the New Law based on love and grace. |
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Term
| What are the Four Gospels? |
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Definition
| The books of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. The word "gospel" means "good news". These books describe the life and teachings of Jesus. |
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Term
| Of the four evangelists, who is the Ox (bull)? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Of the four evangelists, who is the Eagle? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| "Unofficial gospels"; appear in the first centuries of the Church. These were discredited early in the Church's history because of their dubious origins and because many were tainted by wrong beliefs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Jewish feast; fifty days after the Resurrection of Christ, when the Holy Spirit descended upon the Apostles, anointing the Church for her mission of evangelization of the world. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Body of Christ and the Temple of the Holy Spirit. The word itself, in English, means "Thing belonging to the Lord," |
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Term
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Definition
| From Greek word for "assembly" or "congregation". |
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Term
| What are the Two Dimensions of the Church? |
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Definition
| Visible and spiritual; The Church is a visible, hierarchal society that is present in the world. The spiritual dimension of the Church is the Mystical Body of Christ, a spiritual community, imbued with the healing and sanctifying power of God's grace. |
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Term
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Definition
| From the Old Testament; People born into his family through faith in Christ and Baptism. |
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Term
| What is the Soul of the Church? |
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Definition
The Holy Spirit, the Church
s source of unity and life. |
|
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Term
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Definition
| Greek word from which the term "Apostle" derives. Means, "one who is sent" |
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Term
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Definition
| The first martyr for Christ. Worked among the people to evangelize and do great wonders, but an angry mob seized him and dragged him before the Sanhedrin. He was then brought outside of the city and stoned to death. Before he died, he asked God for forgivness for those who persecuted him. |
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Term
| What is the definition of "Martyrdom"? |
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Definition
| The supreme witness given to the truth of the faith; it means bearing witnesses even unto death. |
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Term
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Definition
| St. Paul's name before converting. |
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Term
| The Conversion of St. Paul |
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Definition
| Was once named Saul, and consented to the execution of St. Stephen. A pious Jew, who sent many early Christians to prison, but when sent out on a journey to Damascus, he is struck blind. He is visited by a disciple of Christ, Ananias, who was sent by Christ through a vision to restore Saul's sight. Saul is cured, baptized into the Church, and goes on to be one of the Church's great evangelizers. |
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Term
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Definition
| An adult seeking admission to the Church that met with others over a long period of time, normally two to three years, for instruction before being baptized. |
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Term
| In the early years of the Church, what happened at the Easter Vigil? |
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Definition
| Catechumens were bapitized on the night of Holy Saturday or on the Saturday before Pentecost. |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek word for "love"; refers to an early Christian religious meal that was at first closely related to the celebration of the Eucharist and often preceded this celebration. Didn't last long due to people getting it mixed up with the actual Eucharist, and eventually was only practiced in smaller, more isolated Churches. |
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Term
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Definition
| An underground series of tunnels, chambers, and tombs that were dug by Christians and served as burial places, shrines, and places of worship during the first few centuries after Christ. |
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Term
| What were days of fasting in the early Church? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Greek word for "presbyter" from which the term "Priest" comes from. |
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Term
| What is the Just War Theory? |
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Definition
| Introduced by Church figures such as St. Augustine who permitted war in the case of self-defense, and St. Thomas Aquinas who refined the principles for a just war almost a thousand years after Augustine. The war must be initiated on the authority of the sovereign, the cause must be just, and those waging the war must have good and right intensions, meaning that the war will not bring about more harm perpetrated by the enemy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Offered her virginity to God, praying that he help her to remain pure. Her family forced her into marrying a rich pagan, and she told her new husband that she had an angel protecting her purity. He could not see it if he was not baptized, and so he was baptized, and soon after he and St. Cecilia led his brother to be baptized, and they lived on burying Christian martyrs after persecution. |
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Term
| Who was St. Justin Martyr? |
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Definition
| An apologist that wrote "Dialogue with Trypho"; His writings include a defense of the Christian teaching about Christ and his laws of fulfillment of the Jewish Law and the prophets (defends the teaching that Christ is teaching to follow Jewish Law). His writings also includes a condemnation of Jews who fail to recognize Jesus as the Messiah. |
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Term
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Definition
| St. Aristides, St. Justin Martyr*, Tatian, Athenagoras (Not to be confused with 20th century Patriarch of Constantinople that ends the Great Schism), St. Theophilus, Minucius Felix, and Tertullian* |
|
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Term
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Definition
| An apologist is a person that defends and explains the Christian religion. |
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Term
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Definition
| From the Greek term, "teaching", is a short exposition concerning Christian morals, doctrine, and customs that was most likely composed in the first century. Many Church Fathers used this as a reference, and was almost admitted as Canonical. It was lost for centuries until the late 1800s. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Father of Latin Theology"*****; An apologist that wrote in both Latina and Greek about how Christianity was not a threat to the Roman Empire, but an asset. He eventually joins the heretical Montanist sect. |
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Term
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Definition
| Emperor Nero sets an area of Rome aflame, blames it on the Christians, and thus begins persecuting them. He made the fire to build Domus Aurea (House of Gold). This began Roman persecution of Christians. |
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Term
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Definition
| Christians being persecuted were sewn into animal skins, distributed throughout the gardens, and were hunted down by hungry mastiff dogs and eaten. Many other gruesome, colorful deaths were met by Christians. |
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Term
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Definition
| A madman Emperor of Rome; Ordered the arrest and murder of his mother and all of his brothers; Committed incest with three of his sisters; One sister was pregnant, and eager to see the child, he cut the baby out of her womb prematurely. He condemned people to death for no reason, and was eventually murdered by two guards, who went on to kill the rest of his family. |
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Term
| What is Trajan's rescript? |
|
Definition
| Emperor Trajan of the Roman Empire's letter to Pliny (Roman Governor) which stated that if a Christian renouned their faith and offered sacrifice to the Roman gods, they would be allowed to live in spite of their past Christian life. Basically, this gave Christians an ultimatum, death or apostasy (the renouncing of religious beliefs) |
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Term
| What is St. Ignatius of Antioch known for? |
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Definition
| Being the first person to use the term "Catholic Church"; he supported the primacy of the papacy, and was opposed to all heresy and schism. |
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Term
| Who followed Trajan as emperor of the Roman Empire, and ALSO had his own rescript? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is said in Hadrian's rescript? |
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Definition
| That Christians shouldn't be prosecuted for simply being Christian, but for actual violations of common law, thus the time of Hadrian's rule was a period of more religious toleration of Christians without official codification of such toleration. |
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Term
| What does "ad metalla" mean? |
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Definition
| "to the metal mines"; in the time of Roman persecution of Christians, this was a dreadful sentence that meant eventual death after being forced to mine in awful living conditions. |
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Term
| Who are Sts. Perpetua and Felicity? |
|
Definition
| Martyrs under Septimus Severus; Perpetua was a noblewoman and Felicity was her servant |
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Term
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Definition
| Taken as prisoner, is allowed to go so long as he returns with the Church's "riches"; in a great show of wit, smart-assery, and great understanding of the Church, he returns with poor people, and thus sent to be burned on the gridiron. He is the St. Lawrence that is rumored to have said, "I am roasted enough on this side; turn me around." |
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Term
| What is the Edict of Milan? |
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Definition
| An edict made under Constantine and Licinius, where they restored all property taken from the Church by the empire, and granted Christians freedom of religion. |
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Term
| What happened at the battle at Milvian Bridge between Constantine and Maxentius' armies? |
|
Definition
| Constantine looked up at the sun and saw the symbol of the cross with the words "in hoc signo vinces" ("in this sign you will conquer"), and thus instructs his soldiers to inscribe this into their shields. By the power of God, he and his men win the battle, defeat Maxentius, leading Constantine into believing that the Christian God favored him. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Constantine's mom who is said to have found Jesus' actual cross. |
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Term
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Definition
| A heresey that arose earlier in the Church that believed in a Demiurge and a Divine Being. The Demiurge was evil and created a material world against the unknowable Divine Being's wishes. Thus all material and visible things are evil, and so the heresey believes that one's goal in life is to be freed from one's material body. A major conflict between these beliefs and Christianity meant that the human body was evil, and if Jesus was infallible and pure, what was he doing in a human body? If he wasn't in a human body, then he didn't actually become man, and didn't die for our sins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Takes some ideas such as the idea of the evil Demiurge from Gnosticism. In this heresy, the Demiurge is the vengeful God of the Old Testament and Jewish Law, and what would be the divine being is the God of Jesus Christ who is the God of Love. This heresy is centered on dualism of Law and Love. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Followed the idea of dualism, but dealt with the dualism of light versus darkness. Satan apparently had stolen light particles, put them in the minds of human brains, and by finding knowledge, these light particles are freed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An apocalyptic heresy, that believed in a New Covenant to be started at the town of Pepuza in Phrygia (unknown location today). Believers had to do arduous fasting and were forbidden to have second marriages along with fleeing execuation. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Believes that Jesus didn't actually die on the cross, and that last minute, supposedly Judas Iscariot or Simon of Cyrene took his place just before the crucifixion, and died in his place. |
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Term
| What heresy did St. Ignatius of Antioch write against? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What year was the Edict of Milan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a diocesan council? |
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Definition
| Often called a synod, is a council where a bishop, representatives of the clergy, religious and laity meet to discuss matters of diocesan Church discipline and procedure. |
|
|
Term
| What is a provincial council? |
|
Definition
| A provincial council is an assembly of the metropolitan archbishop, with his suffragan bishops. |
|
|
Term
| What is a plenary council? |
|
Definition
| A council that summons all of the bishops of a nation. |
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Term
| What is an ecumenical council? |
|
Definition
| A council that brings bishops under the leadership of the pope together from all over the world to discuss central issues of the Church. |
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Term
| What year was the Council of Nicaea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the major concerns of the Council of Nicaea? |
|
Definition
Arianism (heresy), and the Nicene Creed
For a good chart see p.138 in textbook** |
|
|
Term
| Who were the Church Fathers? |
|
Definition
| Holy leaders that arose to lead the Church, explain the Faith, and meet the unique challenges posed by the different heresies. |
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Term
| Who are the Latin Fathers of the Church? |
|
Definition
| St. Ambrose of Milan, St. Augustine of Hippo, Pope St. Gregory the Great, St. Jerome, and St. Hilary of Poitiers (HILARY IS A MALE) |
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Term
| What is St. Ambrose of Milan known for? |
|
Definition
| He is one of the Latin Fathers of the Church; He defended the Church's independence from the state; He also was an ardent opponent of the Arian heresy. |
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Term
| What is St. Jerome known for? |
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Definition
| He is a Latin Father of the Church; He is known for translating the Bible into Latin, in the Vulgate. |
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Term
| Who is St. John Chrysostom? |
|
Definition
| One of the Greek Church Fathers; Known as "Golden-mouthed" for his deep, spiritual sermons; Wrote "On the Priesthood" a treatise. |
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|
Term
| What two cities during the fourth and fifth centuries, competed as sites of theological study? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which 4th/5th century school focused more on the literal and historical meanings of the Scriptures? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A fourth century heresy that claimed that Jesus Christ is neither God nor equal to the Father. Jesus is the "logos"; This heresy was a huge problem in the Church because it challenged Christ's entire divinity, thus breaking down many tents of Christianity such as the doctrine of the Trinity and Redemption. |
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Term
| What emperor pushed for the Council of Nicaea? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What three Greek Fathers of the Church were central figures in the defeat of Arianism in the East? |
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Definition
| St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nazianzus, and St. Gregory of Nyssa |
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|
Term
| What is St. Hilary of Poitier's nickname? |
|
Definition
| the "Athanasius of the West" |
|
|
Term
| What Greek Church Father was given the nickname "The Theologian"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Greek Church Father defended the title "Theotokos" ("Mother of God") for Mary? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Who is Pope St. Leo the Great, and what is he known for? |
|
Definition
| He was a Pope that showed great leadership in defending the Church against heresy and barbaric invasions. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A heresy that was around from 400-600 AD; Believed that there is only one nature in Christ, and not two. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A heresy of the 600s that believed that there is the existence of only one will in Christ but still maintains that he has two natures. |
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Term
|
Definition
| This rejected the validity of sacraments celebrated by priests and bishops who had formerly betrayed their faith. If a Sacrament was done by a priest that had once been a sinner, the Sacrament was not valid. |
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Term
| Who was St. Augustine of Hippo? |
|
Definition
| He was a Latin Church Father; Once had the tendencies of a Stonybrook University student, but still being a Christian, prayed to God once, "Lord, give me chastity and continence, but not yet". His conversion occured when a voice told him to take the Bible and read, and so he did, and read a passage telling him to shy away from debauchery. He was baptized by St. Ambrose. He is known for writing "Confessions" and "City of God" |
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Term
|
Definition
| St. Augustine of Hippo's mother that prayed for her son's conversion her entire life. She died shortly after her son's baptized. |
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Term
|
Definition
| King of the Visigoths who sacked Rome |
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Term
| What happened in the year 410? |
|
Definition
| The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths under Alaric. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The revolt and overthrow of the Western Emperor of the Roman Empire by Odoacer. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The Huns were a powerful nomadic people that swept into Europe from Northern China by the 4th century. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Known as the "Scourge of God"; led the Huns, and was about to take Rome, but he was met by Pope St. Leo I, and afterwards called off the invasion of Rome. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A way of life characterized by prayer and self-denial lived in seclusion from the world and under a fixed rule with professed vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. |
|
|
Term
| What are the Evangelical counsels? |
|
Definition
| Vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. |
|
|
Term
| What is eremitical monasticism? |
|
Definition
| Hermit life; individuals withdraw into loosely organized groups to live an isolated ascetical life. |
|
|
Term
| What is cenobitical monasticism? |
|
Definition
| This monastic life is lived within a community. |
|
|
Term
| Who is St. Paul of Thebes? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Who went with St. Paul of Thebes into desert areas in order to lead a contemplative life and is considered along with St. Paul of Thebes to be one of the Fathers of Monasticism? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What did St. Pachomius do? |
|
Definition
| Founded a cenobitical monasticism in Egypt. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Known as the "Patriarch of Western Monasticism"; Founded 13 monasteries, one of which is Monte Cassino (destroyed in WWII). |
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Term
| What was the Rule of St. Benedict written at Monte Cassino, that was adopted by all monastic communities of the West throughout the Medieval Period, and praised for its spirit of peace and love, as well as moderation, in comparison to the austerity of Egyptian monasticism? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a Benedictine monastery, and monasteries that took on Benedictine ideas, what was the leader of a monastic community called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Under Benedictine rule, how was one to achieve their chief aim of giving praise and glorifying God? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does "opus Dei" mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does "laus Dei" mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Monks come together 8 times a day, not including Mass, to chant the pslams in praise of God. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A practice of Benedictine monasteries in which the monk slowly reads and meditates on Scripture. |
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Term
| True of False: It is important in the Rule of St. Benedict that monks live off the labor of others. |
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Definition
| False; a monk should live off the labor of their own hands |
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|
Term
| Who is St. Benedict's sister that founded a monastery of nuns who followed the Rule of St. Benedict? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is Pope St. Gregory the Great? |
|
Definition
| Is called to be Pope, but flees the city, but eventually returns seeing this as the will of God. He will refuse to recognize the title "Ecumenical Patriarch" or the Patriarch of Constantinople, seeing it as a way to usurp the authority of the pope. |
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|
Term
| What year is Jerusalem captured by the Muslims? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of Frankish Chief Clovis' Christian wife that tried ardently to obtain his conversion? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the story of France's conversion? |
|
Definition
| Clovis promised God that if He helped the Franks win against the Alemanni, he'd convert. After winning at Rheims, Clovis and 3000 of his men were baptized by Bishop Remigius. |
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|
Term
| Who spread Christianity amongst the Celts (Irish)? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is considered the "Apostle of England"? |
|
Definition
| St. Augustine of Canterbury? |
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|
Term
| How did St. Augustine of Canterbury gain the title of "Apostle of England"? |
|
Definition
| Baptized 10,000 Saxons (English) on Christmas Day in 597 in Canterbury. |
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|
Term
| Who recieved the "pallium" from Pope Gregory? |
|
Definition
| St. Augustine of Canterbury |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A woolen cloth showing a sign of authority and papal favor |
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Term
| Who is the author of "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" and is considered the "Father of English History"? He is also called a Doctor of the Church. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Who converts the Hessians on the count of not being killed by a thunderbolt, showing our God is stronger, and is called the "Apostle of Germany"? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Who were the two saints that used Slavic in masses instead of Latin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After the fall of the Roman Empire, what did the eastern portion come to be called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what council was Iconoclasm finally condemned in 787? |
|
Definition
| The Second Council of Nicaea |
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|
Term
| What was the Donation of Pepin? |
|
Definition
| Pepin the Short's donation of the Papal States and aid in defeating the Lombards in exchange for being made king of the Franks in place of the ineffectual Merovingian king. |
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|
Term
| Who crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Carolignian Empire, thus making the Empire a direct line of descent from the old Roman Empire? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the last pope to be declared a saint? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Pope Benedict XV sided with the Allies during the WWI |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: When St. Pius X was chosen to be pope, he was very happy with the decision. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Pope Pius XII helped in the rise of Nazism, and helped to keep it in power. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| True or False: Pope Pius XI never criticized fascism. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: When Stalin comes to power they leave religious believers for the most part in peace. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Vladimir Lenin followed the teaching of Karl Marx. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: The Popular Front was very supportive of the Catholic Church in Spain, defending the Church from its political enemies. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: The only groups that were targeted by the Nazis during World War II were those of Jewish background. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: The Nazis followed and respected Christian beliefs and practices. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Pope Benedict XV had an important role in forming the Treaty of Versailles. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Pope Benedict XV warned the Allies that the harsh treatment of the Germans would lead to another war. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: The Chinese government is very open to a role for the Catholic Church in Chinese society. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A heresy that is an effort by some to change doctrines to fit in with modern times. |
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|
Term
| What pope was a prime defender of the Church against modernism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What treaty between the Italian government and the Vatican recognizes each other's rights to exist? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name given to the armed resistance in Mexico to religious persecution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who declared the Assumption of Mary a dogma in 1950? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Catholic Action? |
|
Definition
| A movement of Catholic laypersons who wished to promote Catholic ideas in society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The chief rabbi of Rome who converted to Catholicism, taking the name "Eugenio", after the pope who saved so many Jewish lives. |
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|
Term
| Who led the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia where he overthrew the Czar leading to the rise of the Soviet Union. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Under who's rule of the Soviet Union, were nearly 50 million murdered for being "counterrevolutionaries"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pius XI wrote what work that condemned both Fascism and Communism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Karl Marx call religion? |
|
Definition
| The "opiate of the masses" |
|
|
Term
| Who lowered the age of Communion to the age of reason? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the Pope that saw Vatican II to its conclusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paul VI was the first modern pope to visit Jerusalem and ___ ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the Patriarch of Constantinople that met with Paul VI to end the Great Schism of 1054? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Humanae Vitae was Paul VI's condemnation of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pope John Paul I served as Pope for __ days. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Karol Wojtyla becomes Pope ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The nation of __________ had the largest population of Jews in all of Europe before WWII. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What day was Pope John Paul II shot by an assassin in St. Peter's Square? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What year did Vatican II commence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A term that refers to dialogue between peoples of different religions. |
|
|
Term
| Mass in the vernacular, the priest facing the people, and lay ministers at the altar are changes in the Church that are results of what council? |
|
Definition
| the Second Vatican Council |
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|
