List: those who were counted in each cencus.

1. Every male 20+

2. Every male Levi from the age of 1 month+

3. Firstborn males from the age of 1 month+

4. Gershonites ages 30 - 50

5. Every male 20+

1. After leaving Egypt
2. At the Golden Calf
3. At the Mishkan
4. The Iyyar after the Mishkan.

In which tribe is a child whose mother and father are from different tribes? (rashi)

1. Carried the Mishkan and the Kelim
2. Camped around the Mishkan and made sure no one came in who was not a Kohen or a Levi
3. Built and dismantled the Mishkan for traveling and camping
4. Played and sang during the services.

Why did Chazal choose the name they did for Bemidbar?

Until the fortieth year, the miricles went against nature. But in the fortieth year, the miricles went along with nature (i.e. they were more ordinary).

1. At first, there was a representative from each tribe. However, in the fortieth year the only representatives were those who could plan battles.
2. At first, Ephraim was counted before Menasseh because he had more spirituality. However, later Menasseh was counted first because he was the oldest.

1. It was a big honor for each man to be counted personally by Aharon and Moshe. (1:3 + 1:44)
2. They thought they would be going into Israel soon, so they wanted to know how many soldiers they had. (1:3)
3. To divide up the tribal lands fairly. (1:2 + 1:44)
4. To show how much Israel had grown. (1:46)

Here are a list of events. Sort them into years 1, 2, and 40.

Exodus; Midbar Sin; giving of the Torah; Mishkan; Pesach Midbar; cencus; Pesach Sheni; beginning of journey to Israel; death of Miriam; death of Aharon.

• Exodus, Mibar Sin, Torah: year one
• Mishkan, Pesach Midbar, cencus, Pesach Sheni, beginning of journey to Israel: year two
• death of Miriam, death of Aharon: year three

The two cencuses are 6.5 months apart; how do they have the exact same results? Answer in the opinion of Rashi.

What two problems does Ramban find with Rashi's "cutoff date" theory?

1. We never counted with cutoff dates before; why should we start now?
2. Even if we were counting with a cutoff date, people still would have died, which would have skewed the numbers.

1. For the years between 2 and 40, Hashem was angry about the Meraglim and didn't talk to Moshe
2. The Torah isn't a history book and so only talks about events that have significance to future generations.

1. Each tribe had a flag the color of its stone on the Choshen.

problem: there were only 4 flags and 12 stones / tribes!

solution: each 'leader' tribe had a flag, along with smaller flags the colors of the tribes in its group flying beneath it.

1. The tribes camped in the order given to them by Yaakov when they carried his casket out of Egypt.

problem: it says 'otot' in plural; but only one 'sign' was given in this case.

2000 amot is the maximum distance you can walk without an eruv on Shabbat. This allowed people from the tribes to walk to the Levi camps on Shabbat and learn with Moshe, Aharon, and the Leviim.

1. The Anan would rise above the Ohel Moed
2. The Chatzozrot would be blown
3. Yehuda would depart first.

1. Ketaivah: in the formation they camped in. Source: 2:13 -- "Kaasher yachanu kein yisaau". Advantages: Ketaivah was more protected, especially of the Mishkan.
2. Kekorah: in a line with Yehuda first and Dan last. Source: 10:21 -- "Venasah degel machaneh Dan maasaf lechol hamechonot." Advantages: the last people in line could pick up dropped items.

Means that Israel camped as they travelled: according to the word of God.

Problem: goes against the simple explanation of the pasuk.

Dan was a big tribe, so part of it seprated and followed behind.

Problem: it says "DEGEL machaneh Dan", indicating the whole tribe was Maasaf.

1. To keep everyone organized, and to make travelling quicker.
2. To be ready for an attack.

What are the biblical words for: North, South, East, West?

• North: Tzafona
• South: Teimana
• East: Kedma
• West: Yama

1. Leviim ages 1 month and up
2. Bechorot agest 1 month and up

Pupose: to transfer the priesthood from Bechorot to Leviim

Carried the Kelim

Carried the hard parts of the Mishkan (wood and metal)

To see how many workers in the Mishkan there would be.

1. Kehat, because they had the most spirituality (Moshe and Aharon came from them), and the most important jobs in the Mishkan (the Kelim)
2. Gershon, because he was the oldest
3. Merrari

1. to protect them
2. because no one is allowed to see / touch them

Rashi: don't come and look at the Kelim before they were fully covered

other: ?

• carried Shemen Hameor; Shemen Hamashche; and Ketoret Hasamim
• was responsible for making sure Korban Tamid was performed every day (a lamb, morning and night)
• Oversaw Kehatim

Itamar

What was the total number of Leviim in perek daled?

According to Rashi, what is "Avodat Moshe"?