Term
| Functions of the lymphatic system (4) |
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Definition
| Transport excess fluid from tissues, filter lymph via lymph nodes, produce lyphocytes, and store lymphocytes. |
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Term
| What are afferent and efferent lymphatics?(where do they go?) |
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Definition
| AFFERENT: From lymph channels to lymph nodes. EFFERENT: From nodes to venous system. |
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Term
| Where does the venous system empty? |
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Definition
| Through the left thoracic duct, and the right lymphatic duct. |
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Term
| How does circulation within lymph vessels occur? (6) |
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Definition
| Intrinsic activity of the lymphatics, contraction of muscles, pulsation in arteries, respiratory movement, variations in external pressure(ie: massage), level of activity. |
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Term
| What are the most superficial lymphatic vessels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the differences between lymph capillaries and arterial/venous capillaries? (2) |
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Definition
| Lymph has openable junctions between cells to allow fluid and cells to go through. Venous system does not have this feature. Lymph also has anchoring filaments that attach the vessel to the surrounding vessels. |
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Term
| What requires a higher pressure, the initiall filling or the emptying of the initial lymphatics? |
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Definition
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Term
| for lymphatic flow to occur, does the tissue hydrostatic pressure need to be greater or lesser than the hydrostatic P in the vessels? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Segments that drain in a similar pattern. |
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Term
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Definition
| Edge of where 2 lymphatomes meet. |
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Term
| How many lymphotomes is the trunk divided into? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the funciton of the achoring filaments? |
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Definition
| Holds the lymph channel to the tissue and keeps it open. |
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Term
| Not all of the lymph channels have valves. Which ones dont? |
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Definition
| the very superficial ones. |
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Term
| Is the hydrostatic pressure higher at the arterial or the venous end of a capillary? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three grades of lymphedema? |
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Definition
| 1. Pitting Edema 2. Nonpitting edema 3. Severe |
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Term
| Describe the properties of pitting edema. (3) |
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Definition
| Reversible, reduces with elevation overnight, has no or only slight fibrosis. |
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Term
| Describe the properties of non-pitting edema. |
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Definition
| It's irreversible, shows no reduction with elevation, and has moderate to severe fibrosis. |
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Term
| Describe Grade 3 lymphedema (severe) |
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Definition
| Increased volume, there are skin changes with frequent infection, accompanied by deeper tissue damage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Excess fluid enters the tissues, abnormal pressures, compliance of tissue is maximized. |
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Term
| What is the only defense against edema |
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Definition
| Lymphatic system. So if it doesn't work right, there's no backup. |
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Term
| What are the clinical effects of edema? (7) |
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Definition
| swelling, pain, loss of function, scusceptible to minor trauma, susceptible to infection, altered tissue function, altered initial lymphatics. |
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Term
| What are the effects of edema on tissue function? (2) |
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Definition
| Altered metabolic exchange as distance btw blood vessels and lymphatics increases (decreased nutrient exchange). Decreased gas exchange. |
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Term
| What are the effects of edema on initial lymphatics? |
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Definition
| dilation of initial lymphatics, intercellular junctions collapse, anchoring elements break, leading to junction collapse. |
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Term
| What are the effects of high protein edema on blood vessels and tissue cells? |
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Definition
| BLOOD VESSELS: initially stimulates angiogenesis to increase nutrient formation. TISSUE: leads to fibrosis. |
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Term
| What are the 8 major causes of lymphedema? |
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Definition
| Primary lymphedema (no known cause), surgery, trauma, radiation, chronic venous insufficiency, paralysis, neoplasia, AIDS |
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Term
| What are the four major components of lymphedema Tx? |
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Definition
| Massage, bandaging, skin care, exercise. |
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