Term
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Definition
| According to James Usher, this was the date of creation. |
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Term
| Paleolithic, mesolithic, neolithic |
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Definition
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Term
| Stone age, Bronze age, Iron age |
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Definition
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Term
| Sumer, 3400 BC, Cuneiform |
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Definition
| The where, when, and how "history" began. |
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Definition
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Definition
| King of Babylon, 1792-1750 BC. Known for _____ code. Sometimes compared to the Mosaic Law. |
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Definition
| The date of/person responsible for Egypt's unification. |
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Term
| Minoan, Mycenaen, Dark Ages, Archaic, Classical |
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Definition
| The evolution of Greek society. |
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Definition
| Responsible for finding the Palace of Knossos. Associated with the Minoan civilization. |
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Definition
| An ancient script made up of genuine hieroglyphs. Not able to be read. Associated with Minoan civilization. |
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Definition
| Younger than it's counterpart. Decipherable Greek Language. Associated with Minoan civilization. |
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Definition
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Definition
| 356-323 BC: responsible for uniting and spreading the Greek world/language. |
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Term
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Definition
| The spread of Greek ideas. |
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Term
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Definition
| Network through which Christianity spread. |
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Term
| Etruscan, Monarchy, Republic, Empire |
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Definition
| The evolution of Roman society. |
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Term
| 753 BC, Romulus and Remus |
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Definition
| When Rome was founded and who was responsible. |
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Term
| 313, Edict of Milan, Constantine |
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Definition
| Date, event, and person responsible for making Christianity a LECIT religion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Date and person responsible for making Christianity the OFFICIAL religion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Emperor following Nero, continued the persecution of the Christians. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wrote to Trajan, asking what to do about the Christians. |
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Term
| Charity, persecution, plague |
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Definition
| Three areas postulated as being responsible for Christianity's growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| The end goal for Paul's missionary journeys. |
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Term
| Authority Crisis, 2nd Century |
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Definition
| Problems that arose when the last of the apostles and apostolic associates died, before the NT canon was complied. |
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Term
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Definition
| Died in 100 AD. First author of Christian literature outside of NT. Traditionally thought to be the third Bishop of Rome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Martyred in 107 AD. Wrote letters to the 7 churches of Asia Minor. Saw himself as one step removed from apostolic authority. Told people to hold to the authority of the Bishop. |
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Term
| Bishopric, Canon of NT, and Creeds |
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Definition
| Three-legged stool of Orthodoxy. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Dealing with the good and evil dichotomy. Threat to Christianity. Not the same as Manicheasm. Irenaeus wrote against them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Good vs. Evil, Spirit vs. Material. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gnostic library found in Egypt. |
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Term
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Definition
| Argued that Orthodoxy was not the truth of early Christianity, but that Gnosticism was. |
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Term
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Definition
| First Ecumenical Council. Dealing with Arianism, not resolved. |
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Term
| Council of Constantinople 1, 381 AD |
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Definition
| Second Council, Arianism outlawed. Trinitarianism established. |
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Term
| Council of Ephesus, 431 AD |
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Definition
| Third council. Called by Nestorius, who ended up being outlawed as a mild heretic. |
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Term
| Council of Chalcedon, 451 AD |
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Definition
| Fourth council. Two natures of Christ debated. Hypostatic Union. |
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Term
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Definition
| Jesus Christ was not God, He was a man on whom the Holy Spirit was poured. No virgin birth, Jesus was a human, but the Christ because He fulfilled the Law. Only accepted gospel of Matthew. |
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Term
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Definition
| Jesus was God in human form. Not human, only appeared human. |
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Term
| Adoptionist or Dynamic Monarchianism |
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Definition
| God is the King, Jesus not on par- mere man. He was elevtated to divine status at His baptism. Proponents= Theodotus the Tanner, Artemon, Paul of Samasota. |
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Term
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Definition
| Different roles. No differentiation between beings. One God, different roles. Main proponents- Tertullian, and Sebellius. Sebellius was the main heretic before Arius. |
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Term
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Definition
| The way God relates to creation in Father, Son, Holy Spirit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stresses the way the Trinity relates to itself without regard to creation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Brilliant, but misguided by logic. God is unbegotten (Aseity- self-existent)//The Son is begotten//The Son is not God. |
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Term
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Definition
| Counters Arianism with the logic: Only God saves// the Son saves// Therefore the Son is God. |
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Term
| Semi-Arianism - Homoiousios |
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Definition
| Proponent- Eusebius of Caesarea. Majority view of Council of Nicea. Father and Son are of similar substance. |
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Term
| Heterodox - Arianism - Heterousios |
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Definition
| Proponent- Arius of Alexandria. Father and Son are not of the same substance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proponent- Alexander of Alexandria. Father and Son are of the same substance. Decision for "Homoousios" credited to Constantine. |
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Term
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Definition
| When persecution ceased, people needed something to fill the gap. This was an attempt to grow closer to God by living a pure life. Began as reclusive desert monks who thought they were like Jesus and John the Baptist. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thought to be the father of Monasticism. Saw demons everywhere. Major spiritual warfare. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used monasticism as a tool for evangelism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thought to be the most important theologian in history. Very close with mother Monica. Had mistress he was faithful to for 12-14 years. Converted in Milan when he heard some children sing: "Tolle, lege," pick up and read. Opened to Romans 13:14. Joined a monastery in Algeria. Later became a bishop. Fought against Manicheasm, Donatism, Pelagianism. Had adhered to Manicheasm prior to conversion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Began in 4th century, dealing with the issue of whether or not the Church should allow apostates back. Denied that sacraments administered by an apostate priest were valid. |
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Term
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Definition
Led by a priest in Britain who preached that man did not inherit sin from Adam, but that he has free will not to sin. We need to discipline ourselves. Augustin countered with:
prefall- man could choose not to sin
postfall- man could not choose not to sin
conversion- man can choose to do good
eternal future- man will not be able to sin |
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Term
| Augustine, Jerome, John Chrysostom |
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Definition
| The three men that made up of the fourth century triune of theologian, biblical scholar, and preacher. |
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Term
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Definition
| Last name means "Golden mouth/tongue." Fairly anti-semetic. Mother was widowed young but did not remarry in order to devote herself to her son's education. Taught rhetoric by Libanius. Taught scripture by Diodorus. Wanted to go from lawyer to monk. Mom asked him to wait till she died. Made his house a monastery. Tricked friend, Basil, into joining the priesthood. He then followed. Responsible for destruction of Temple of Artemis and Hagia Sophia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dad martyred when he was 17. Began to teach to pay bills. Began interpreting scripture, but focused primarily on the Spiritual. Later condemned as a heretic at Council of Orange in 529. |
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Term
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Definition
| First Christian Latin author. Temper. Converted to Montanism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Not considered heresy. Believed that the Holy Spirit continued giving prophecy equal to scripture. Very Charismatic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Great Schism between East (Greek) and West (Latin) churches. |
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Term
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Definition
| Date for the fall of Rome. Refers to the Western Empire. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Alexander Severus assassinated (235), Cyprian's Plague (251), Empire splits into three (260) |
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Definition
| Contributions to the splitting of the Eastern and Western empires |
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Term
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Definition
| Persecuted Christians for not giving their full allegiance to the emperor as god. Instituted the Tetrarchy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Constantinople. |
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Term
| Christians, Barbarians, Economic Depression, Corruption, Lead Poisoning, Imperialism |
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Definition
| All supposed contributors to the fall of Rome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Apostle to the Goths. Learned scriptures from Eusebius of Nicomedia (Arian). Spread Arian Christianity. Created a written form of the Gothic language and translated the Bible into it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Legendary figures credited with evangelizing Ethopia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Kidnapped at 16 by pirates. Held captive in Ireland before running away back to Britain. Returns later as missionary to Ireland. His monasteries were not synchronized until the Synod of Whitby in 664. |
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Term
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Definition
| Irish Christian with a bad temper. Started a civil war over some of Jerome's writings. Punished himself by doing missions to the Scots. |
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Term
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Definition
| First Pope. Sends 100 monks to British Isles to convert the "beautiful people" there, including Augustine of Canterbury. |
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Term
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Definition
| First Archbishop of Canterbury. Wondered what to do about the paganism. Greg the Great suggested keeping the temples, but not the idols. |
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Term
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Definition
| Became the first Archbishop that the whole church of England chose to obey, according the venerable Bede. |
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Term
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Definition
| Provoice at Synod of Whitby. Introduced Rule of St Benedict. Brought back the monk haircut. |
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Term
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Definition
| Apostle to the Frisians. From England to Netherlands. Predecessor of Winfrid (Boniface) |
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Term
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Definition
| Apostle to the Germans. Started out with Willibrord to Netherlands, went further south to Germany. |
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Term
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Definition
| Apostle to the North: Denmark and Northern Germany. Patron saint of Denmark. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Holy Wisdom." Destroyed 3 times. Became a Mosque. Now a museum. Partly responsible for the conversion of Russia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relating to the "one nature" of Jesus. East and West took different sides. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bishop of Constaninople, _______, had deabte over "Theotokos," God-bearer, for Mary. Argues for a divided nature, that God was never an infant. Condemned as a heretic. Traces of this fond in China. |
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Term
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Definition
| Taught the oneness of Christ's nature. That His humanity was just a drop in the sea of His divinity. Condemned as heresy at Council of Chalcedon. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breaking of images, Icons. In the East the image itself was venerated, while in the West it was what the image represented. This practice was official banned in Nicea II. |
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Term
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Definition
| Paved the way for the Justinian Dynasty, had Euphemia for an empress. Both came from humble backgrounds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Second emperor in Justinian dynasty, Christian king. Solidified empire and reclaimed Western territories. Destroyed temple of Vestal Virgins. Often seen as restorer of Imperial Power. |
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Term
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Definition
| Third Emperor in Justinian Dynasty |
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Term
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Definition
| Empire became entrenched with Muslim conflict during this dynasty. |
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Term
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Definition
| Founder of Islam, Born in Mecca in 570 AD. Father was Abdullah, mother was Amina. Orphaned and raised by uncle, Abu Talib. |
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Term
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Definition
| Widow for whom Muhammed worked and who later became his first wife. She helped convinced Muhammed that his visions in the cave were divine. |
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Term
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Definition
| A time of Muhammed doubting his vision. |
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Term
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Definition
| Muhammed's preaching of the Unity of God. |
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Term
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Definition
| The title and date of Muhammed's emigration to Ethopia, and back to Medina. Beginning of the Muslim calendar. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Muhammed's third and most celebrated wife. Married when she was 6 years old. |
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Term
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Definition
| Day of remembrance for the Shi'ite Muslims to remember Al Husain. |
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Term
| Shahada, Prayer 5 times a day, Almsgiving, Fasting, Pilgrimage to Mecca (haj) |
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Definition
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Term
| Early Middle Ages, 500-1000 |
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Definition
| Period of the Middle Ages marked by the fall of the Western Roman Empire, to Otto being crowned as king. |
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Term
| High Middle Ages, 1000-1300 |
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Definition
| Period of the Middle Ages marked through the end of the crusades. Also encompassed the supposed "Medieval warm period." |
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Term
| Late Middle Ages, 1300-1500 |
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Definition
| Period of Middle Ages marked by Luther nailing the 95 Thesis to the church door, enter Reformation. |
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Term
The Merovingian Dynasty:
King Merovech (4150458)
Childeric (440-481)
Clovis 1 (476-511) |
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Definition
| Known as the "long-haired," or "do-nothing kings." Name the dynasty and kings. |
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Term
Carolingian Dynasty
Pepin of Lander (Pepin 1)
Pepin of Herstal (Pepin 2)
Charles Martel (The Hammer/Mayor of the Palace)
-often associated with the battle of tours, and feudalism
Pepin the Short (Pepin the 3)
Charlemagne |
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Definition
| Dynasty and king list responsible for Charlemagne |
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Term
| Charlemagne, Charles Martel |
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Definition
| Known as the Father of Europe and King of the Franks. Coronation on Christmas Day at St. Peter's Basilica, crowned by Pope Leo 3 (kind of as a favor). Know for "Reviving the the Roman Empire," and starting the tradition of being crowned by the Pope. Responsible for educational reforms. Was a devout Christian. |
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Term
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Definition
| Headmaster of the Palace school under Charlemagne. |
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Term
| Promise of forgiveness from sins as payment, to ward off Muslim invaders, |
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Definition
| Two reasons for Crusades. |
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Term
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Definition
| Key figure in advancing the cause of the first Crusade. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pope of Rome, calls for the first Crusade. |
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Term
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Definition
| Before the first crusade. Headed up by Peter the Hermit. |
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Term
| Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, Jerusalem |
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Definition
| 4 Crusader states created in the near east. |
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Term
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Definition
| Called by Pope Egenius 3 to defend the Crusader States. Promised a "get out of hell free" ticket. |
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Term
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Definition
| Big player in the mysticism movement, tried to get Crusade soldiers to stop killing and pillaging the Jews. Founded the school Abbey of St. Victor |
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Term
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Definition
| Most often cited of the crusades, Richard the Lionhearted inspired Robin Hood out of this period. Failed attempt to recapture Jerusalem. |
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Term
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Definition
| Crusade in which Constantinople was sacked. Many believe this was the final break between East and Western churches, as opposed to the Great Schism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Not a formal Monastic set of rules. However, it contained many of ____'s suggestions for monastic life. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ was the patron St of students. The monasteries started in his name put the monks to bed at 6, woke them at 2am for scripture reading, involved 7 times of prayer a day, no eating till noon, with a small dinner later. Became dominant form of monasticism. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the most powerful Monastic institutions. Founded by Duke William of Aquitane as a Benedictine Monastery. Great success, generating a lot of wealth. Monks were allowed to elect their own Abbott. |
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Term
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Definition
| Revival of Benedictine rule. Founded by Robert who felt the Cluniac monks weren't following the rules. Founded in Citeaux, France. Wanted to get back to manual labor. Monks were scientists and engineers. Used the water wheel for many things. |
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Term
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Definition
| Born 1181, had an elementary education but was not a good student. stylish dude. Fought the Peruguans and spent a year in prison. Had a half-hearted military career and hugged and leper and became devout about faith. |
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Term
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Definition
| Considered the last of the Church Fathers, wrote "An Exact Exposition to Orthodox Faith." This was basically an eclectic commentary as it had no original works. He collected from the other fathers. |
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Term
Historical Sense - literal reading; “Jesus really turned water into wine.”
Allegorical Sense - spiritual reading; the story of water into wine was also one of Christ and the Church and the Marriage feast.
Tropological sense - moral interpretation, nothing to do with pina colada. “Serve others in humility” as Jesus did in the story.
Anagogical sense - the mystical sense, the highest sense. To elevate the mind to eternal reality. In this reading, jerusalem is often a picture of eternal paradise, not the actual city. It makes the reader think of eternity. |
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Definition
| Four-fold method of Exegesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Taught Anselm of Canterbury. Born in Pavia. Entered the Abbey of Bec and became headmaster of the school. Later becomes the Archbishop of Canterbury. Marks the beginning of the Scholastic movement by being the teacher of Anselm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Student of Lanfranc. Called the most brilliant theologian between Augustine and Aquinas. Father of Scholasticism. |
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Term
Define the Question
State the principle objections
Present a persuasive argument in favor of the Question
Redefine the question and end up agreeing with it
Answer/refute all the principle objections in light of the above method |
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Definition
| The 5 step formula for Aristotelian Dialectics |
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Term
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Definition
| Pupil of Anselm of Canterbury, founded a school at Laon. His school produced the "Glossa Ordinaria." This was essentially the first study Bible. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wrote "Book of Sentances" which was one of the most important theology textbooks in church history. Inspired John Calvin. |
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Term
Book 1: God, Trinity, His attributes, providence, predestination, problem of evil
Book 2: Creation, angels/demons, the fall, grace, sin
Book 3: the incarnation, redeption, virtues, 10 commandments
Book 4: sacraments in general, the 7 sacraments, death, judgement, heaven/hell |
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Definition
| Four sections to "Book of Sentences" |
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Term
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Definition
| Perfected Scholasticism. Developed a book called "Sic et Non." It was 158 Theological question with two sets of answers from church fathers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Not well covered in lecture, wrote Summa Theologica which follows the 5 step dialectic. Lived in the 1200s. |
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Term
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Definition
| Franciscan monk, born in Scotland, raised in England, taught in France. Founder of Scotism which was a major orthodox alternative to Thomism (Thomas Aquinas). |
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Term
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Definition
| Known as the "invinsible Doctor." Known for ____'s razor which states that the simplest answer is often the best one. |
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Term
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Definition
| Universals have real existence, parpart from and prior to individuals and their exisitence. Proponent- Plato. |
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Term
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Definition
| Real exisitence is only present because of the individual. There is no transcendent world of Forms. Experience is reality. Proponents- Aquinas and Aristotle |
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Term
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Definition
| Believes we only have names for common characteristics, not forms. Things are irreducibly unique. Proponent- Ockham |
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Term
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Definition
| Author that used a pseudonym to write on mysticism. Responsible for: One Divine Nature, On Heavenly Hierarchy, On Hierarchy of the Church, On Mystical Theology. Name is a reference to Acts 17:34 |
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Term
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Definition
| Knowing about God by speaking in negative terms. "God is NOT this, or this..." |
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Term
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Definition
| Contemplation- sight, prayer in a meditative state. |
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Term
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Definition
| Divination- becoming God. In Western Mysticism this is called Beatific Vision. |
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Term
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Definition
| an anonymous instruction manual in 1375 for a young monk on knowing God. It was a “collect” for purity. |
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