Term
| Immune responses in which targets are attacked directlyh by immune system cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| Immune responses that are mediated by antibodies. |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the purpose of B-cells? |
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Definition
| they make antibodies and mediate humoral immunity |
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Term
| Are cytolytic T-cells part of cell-mediated or humoral immunity? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which T-cells are attacked by HIV? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are macrophages found? |
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Definition
| in all organs and tissues |
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Term
| What cells are the primary scavengers in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the most critical role of macrophages in immunity? |
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Definition
| the activation of T-cells |
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Term
| Where are dendritic cells found? |
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Definition
| lymph nodes and lymphoid tissue |
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Term
| Which cells are found in the skin and soft tissues and are derived from basophils? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is devoured by neutrophils in humoral immunity? |
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Definition
| cells that have been tagged with antibodies of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class. |
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Term
| What is attacked and destroyed by eosinophils? |
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Definition
| Parasitic worms, or foreign particles which have been coated with antibodies of the immunoglobulin E (igE) class. |
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Term
| What are the alternative names for antibodies? |
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Definition
| immunoglobulins and gamma globulins |
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Term
| Where are antibodies produced? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five classes of antibody, and where is each found? |
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Definition
IgA - Mucoius membranes of the GI tract
IgD - surface of mature B-cells
IgE - The surface of Mast cells
IgG - blood
IgM - surface of mature B-cells |
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Term
| Which two antibody classes are receptors for antigen recognition? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which two antibody classes fix complement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five features that cell-mediated and humoral immunity share? |
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Definition
1. Specificity - both are triggered by specific antigens
2. Diversity - both can respond to millions of different antigenic determinants
3. Memory - re-exposure produces a faster, larger and more prolonged response compared with initial exposure
4. Time Limitation - Neither immune responses last indeffinitely
5. Selectivity for Antigens of Nonself Origin - under normal conditions both target only foreign antigens. |
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Term
| What enables the immune system to differentiate between self and nonself? |
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Definition
| Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) |
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Term
| When the immune system loses its ability to discriminate between self and nonself, this type of disease is the result. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three phases of the immune response? |
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Definition
1. Recognition phase - when the mature lymphocyte encounters its matching antigen.
2. Activation phase - recognition activates the lymphocyte, which undergoes proliferation and differentiation into daughter cells.
3. Effector phase - the immune systems attempts to eliminate the specific antigen that initiated the response. |
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Term
| What guides cytotoxic T-cells toward target cells and provides the basis for distinguishing between self and nonself? |
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Definition
| Major histocomptibilty complex (MHC) |
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Term
| Which cells are MHC molecules NOT found on? |
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Definition
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Term
| Any mediator molecule other than an antibody that is released by any immune system cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| A cytokine released by a lymphocyte. |
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Definition
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Term
| A cytokine released by a mononuclear phagocyte. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cells are involved in the production of antibodies? |
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Definition
1. B cells
2. Helper T cells
Antigen presenting cells (macrophages or dendritic cells) |
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Term
| What event initiates the production of antibodies? |
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Definition
| A virgin B cell and an antigen presenting cell (APC) bind. |
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Term
| Which two forms of daughter cell do B cells differentiate into? |
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Definition
1. plasma cells, which manufacture antibodies
2. memory B cells, which await the next antigen exposure |
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Term
| What happens if there are no CD4 helper T cells? |
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Definition
| B cells are unable to proliferate and produce antibodies. |
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Term
| What do antibodies work with in order to rid the body of antigens? |
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Definition
1. phagocytic cells (macrophages and neurtrophils)
2. the complement system |
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Term
| A system of at least 20 serum proteins which, when activated, can cause multiple effects including cell lysis, opsonization, degranulation of mast cells, and infiltration of phagocytes. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the only protective action that antibodies can take by themselves? |
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Definition
| neurtraliztion of toxins and viruses |
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Term
| What are the two branches of cell-mediated immunity and what are the characteristics of each? |
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Definition
1. CD4 helpter T lymphocytes plus macrophages (delayed type hypersensitivity)
2. CD8 cytolytic T lymphocytes (target cell lysis) |
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Term
| What substance is the major stimulus for macrophage activation? |
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Definition
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Term
Which types of cells have receptors that can recognize specific antigens?
a. macrophages
b. cytolytic T lymphocytes
c. dendritic cells
d. complement |
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Definition
| b. cytolytic T lymphocytes |
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Term
Which cells make antibodies?
a. Complement
b. Helper T cells
c. Dendritic cells
d. B lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Term
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) is also known as:
a. cell-mediated immunity
b. complement
c. humoral immunity
d. Major Histocompatibility Complex |
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Definition
| a. cell-mediated immunity |
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Term
A molecule that triggers a specific immune response and then becomes the target of that response is a(n):
a. antibody
b. antigen
c. dendritic cell
d. cytokine |
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Definition
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Term
| A group of genes that codes for MHC molecules, which are found on the surface of cells. |
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Definition
| Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) |
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Term
| What is the difference between Class I and Class II MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules? |
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Definition
| Class I are found on vitrually all cells while Class II molecules are only found on B cells and APC (antigen presenting cells) |
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Term
| What is the first step in B cell activation? |
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Definition
| Binding of an antigen to it receptor on the B cell. |
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Term
| What stimulates the B cell at the end of its activation? |
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Definition
| Cytokines released by the CD4 cell after it binds with an antigen-MHC II complex on the B cell |
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Term
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Definition
| The coating of bacteria with antibodies |
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Term
| How does the complement system cause cell lysis? |
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Definition
| It forms pores in the bacterial cell membrane |
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Term
| In which two ways does cell mediated immunity work? |
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Definition
1. delayed-type hypersensitivity
2. lysis of target cells by CTLs (cytolytic T lymphocytes) |
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