Term
| What are immunosuppressants used for? |
|
Definition
1. Prevention of organ rejection in allograft recipients
2. Treatment of autoimmune disorders |
|
|
Term
| How long must allograft recipients take immunosuppressant medications? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the risks of immunosuppressant therapy? |
|
Definition
1. infection
2. lymphomas |
|
|
Term
| Which immunosuppressant medications are the most effective? |
|
Definition
| Cyclosporine and tacrolimus |
|
|
Term
| Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus are used primarily to treat which condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cyclosporin causes which serious adverse side effect? |
|
Definition
| Kidney injury in up to 75% of patients |
|
|
Term
| Which medications should not be taken with cyclosporin due to increased kidney damage? |
|
Definition
| amphotericin B, aminoglycosides, and NSAIDs |
|
|
Term
| Why shouldn't a patient drink grapefruit juice when on cyclosporine? |
|
Definition
| Grapefruit juice inhibits cyclosporine metabolism, greatly increasing cyclosporine levels. |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse reactions of prolonged glucocorticoid use? |
|
Definition
| osteoporosis, thinning of the skin, increased risk of infection, impaired growth in children, and adrenal insufficiency. |
|
|
Term
| What immunosuppressive uses to glucocorticoids have? |
|
Definition
| supression of transplant rejection and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases |
|
|
Term
| How to cytotoxic drugs suppress the immune system? |
|
Definition
| By killing B and T lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse reactions to immunosuppressive therapy with cytotoxic drugs? |
|
Definition
| bone marrow suppression (thrombocytopenia, neutropenia), GI disturbances, reduced fertility, alopecia |
|
|
Term
| What two immunosuppressant drugs inhibit calcineurin? |
|
Definition
| Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus |
|
|
Term
| What does the suppression of calcineurin do to suppress the immune system? |
|
Definition
| It supresses the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a compound needed for T-cell proliferation |
|
|
Term
| Large doses of which glucocorticoid are used to suppress the immune system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cytotoxic medications are used to suppress the immune system? |
|
Definition
| Azathioprine, Cclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Mitoxantrone |
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