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| an official representative of a country's govt |
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| a group of advisors to the president that includes the heads of 14 top-level executive departments |
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the practice of hiring workers on the basis of open, competitive examinations |
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| a rule or command that has the force of law |
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| the ability to keep the country safe from attack or harm |
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| a declaration of forgiveness and freedom from punishment |
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| an effort to punish another nation by imposing trade barriers |
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| a written document explaining the position of one side or the other in a case |
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| in accordance with the constitution |
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| federal courts in which trials are held and lawsuits are begun |
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| the power of the supreme court to say weather any federal, state, or local law or government action goes against the constitution |
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a court's authority to hear or decide upon a case
APJ-the authority of a court to hear a case appealed from a lower court
OJ-authority to hear cases for the first time
EJ-authority of only federal courts to hear and decide cases
CJ-authority of both state and federal courts to hear and decide cases
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a detailed explanation of the legal thinking behind the courts decision in a case
MO-a statement that presents the views of most supreme court justices regarding a case
CO-a statement written by a justice who votes with the majority but for different reasons
DO-a statement written by a justice who disagrees with the majority opinion, presenting his or her opinion |
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| to send a case back to a lower court to be tried again |
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