Term
| What is the definition of cholinergics? |
|
Definition
| Drugs that mimic the action of Acetylcholine. |
|
|
Term
| What types of receptors are used in cholinergics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of receptors are muscarinic receptors? |
|
Definition
| G-Protein coupled receptors |
|
|
Term
| Where are muscarinic receptors found? |
|
Definition
CNS
Parasympathetic organs |
|
|
Term
| Effects of muscarinic stimulations |
|
Definition
Broncoconstriction
Bradycardia (Vagus Nerve)
Hypotension (Vasodialation)
Miosis = pupillary constiction
Urinary incontinence
Increased secretions (Lacrimal, urination, salivation, sweating, bronchial) |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between contracting and constricting? |
|
Definition
Muscles contract
Openings constrict |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Nicotinic Receptors |
|
Definition
Skeletal muscle contractions
Fasciculations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coordinated cellular muscle contractions |
|
|
Term
| What are direct-acting cholinergics? |
|
Definition
| Drugs that have a direct action on the acetylcholine receptor sites of the postganglionic synapse. |
|
|
Term
| What are indirect-acting cholinergics? |
|
Definition
| Drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase |
|
|
Term
| What is the first direct-acting cholinergic drug that was discussed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of Pilocarpine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the use of Pilocarpine? |
|
Definition
1. Used topically in the eye for glaucoma
2. P.O. for dry mouth |
|
|
Term
| What two categories can indirect-acting drugs be divided into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two categories can direct-acting drugs be divided into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does a reversible, indirect acting drug stay in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the first 3 reversible drugs that were discussed. |
|
Definition
Physostigmine
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine |
|
|
Term
| What is physostigmine used for? How is it administered? |
|
Definition
Glaucoma/anticholinergic poisoning
It is administered topically in the eye and intravenously.
|
|
|
Term
| What does neostigmine treat? How is it administered? |
|
Definition
It treats myasthenia gravis
Administered per os or subcutaneously. |
|
|
Term
| What does pyridostigmine treat? How is it administered? |
|
Definition
It treats myasthenia gravis
Administered per os or intravenously |
|
|
Term
| How long is a short, indirect acting cholinergic drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name a short, indirect acting drug. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is edrophonium useful for? |
|
Definition
| It diagnoses patients with Myasthenia Gravis by increasing the muscle contraction (strengthening them) for a short while. |
|
|
Term
| What is considered a long, indirect-acting cholinergic? |
|
Definition
| Permenant drugs = organophosphates |
|
|
Term
| What organophosphate is used to kill mosquitos? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug was used as a biological weapon of mass destruction? |
|
Definition
Sarin, a nerve gas
Know chemical structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It reactivates cholinesterase |
|
|
Term
| What drugs reverse the effects of sarin and what receptors are they associated with? |
|
Definition
Pralidoxine - primarily a nicotinic reverser
Atropine - primarily a muscarinic reverser |
|
|
Term
| What are CNS AChE inhibitors used for? |
|
Definition
| The treatment of Alzheimer's disease |
|
|
Term
| Why is the CNS AChE inhibitor Tacrine not used? |
|
Definition
| This drug has a significant toxicity to the liver. |
|
|
Term
| What is the generic name of Aricept? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the sig for Donepezil? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Aricept used for? |
|
Definition
| It is used to treat dementia |
|
|
Term
| What enzyme metabolizes Donepezil? |
|
Definition
| Metabolized by Cytochrome P450 |
|
|
Term
| Aricept does not inhibit what drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What good quality can be said about Donepezil? |
|
Definition
| It does not cause liver toxicity. |
|
|
Term
| What are the peripheral side effects of Aricept? |
|
Definition
Nausea
Vomitting
Anorexia
Bronchoconstriction
Sweating |
|
|
