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| ruler says they have the right to rule by God |
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| concerns social order and good government, harmony resulted when people accepted their Filial piety- respect for parents |
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| simple honest life w/ the course of natural events |
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| awakened ppl to how advanced China was |
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| held power in China for ages, didn't take care of infrastructure, declining in 1800's |
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| 1850-1864, most devastating peasant rebellion ever, led by Hong Xiuquan, wanted land reform, communal ownership of land, equality of men and women, and sevice morality. Wanted to end the Qing dynasty. Eventual crushed by gov't |
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| British traded Opium for tea, Chinese become addicted. China wanted Britain to stop, wouldn't. Had a warship battle, Britain crushed. |
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| forced China to sign, 1842, gave up Hong Kong, open ports, very unfair |
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| Modernized Japan boat down China, caused European powers to take land |
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| keep Chinese trade open to everyone on an equal balance |
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| secret society. Righteous Harmonious Fists. Trained in martial arts. wanted to drive out the "foreign devils." Western powers and Japan joined together to crush them |
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| wanted a Chinese republic, studied in the West. organized the Revolutionary Alliance (nationalism, democracy, and economic security). Became president of the new Chinese republic |
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| 1908, CiXi died, 2 year old boy inherited the throne, chaos started, most ppl wanted to end the dynasty. Nmaed Sun Yixian president of the new Chinese Republic. |
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| fought w/local armies, oppressed peasanty,taxed, bandits and famine |
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| took over Sun Yixian's plans to build a democracy when he died, took over the Nationalist party, led army into China, crushed warlords, fought the growing communist party |
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| led communists, wanted support of peasants. Long March, led 100.000 in a retreat from the Nationalist party, more than 6,000 miles. Only 20,000 remained |
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| Chinese Communist Party, led by Mao |
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| Japanese Invasion of Manchuria |
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| 1931. forced Chiang Kai-Shek to team up w/ the communists, superior Jap. technology beat down China |
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| People's Republic of China, 1949, defeated Chiang Kai-Shek |
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| Mao's effort to increase output made communes (villages, thousands of acres) |
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