Term
|
Definition
| Area to the northeast of China that has changed hands over time because it has valuable resources. Currently part of China. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Area in Western China that has helped to keep foreigners out of China. One of the largest deserts in the world.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Chinese referred to themselves in this way due to their ethnocentric belief that they were the center of the earth and culturally superior. The Chinese had been isolated for centuries due to geographic protective barriers, contributing to their ethnocentrism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Belief that one’s culture is superior to another’s. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Belief that the emperors in China have been given their right to rule by the gods. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chinese belief that it was natural for ruling families to be overthrown. The Chinese believed that the ruling family would come into power and be virtuous but over time would become corrupt and lazy. The gods would let the people know when the dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven by creating natural disasters or problems in the society like war or famine. Once the ruling family lost the Mandate it was time for the people to overthrow it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Philosopher in China whose ideas shaped traditional Chinese society. His ideas included the five relationships (such as younger people should respect elders) along with the golden rule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Traditional belief that elders, family and above all parents should be respected. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Traditional Chinese religion that focuses on respecting nature and allowing nature to take it’s course with minimal human interference. The ideas of Yin and Yang are part of this religion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Started by the Qin dynasty and later finished by the Ming. It was built to help keep northern invaders out of China. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Site of first civilization in China |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama where the goal is to reach Nirvana by giving up worldly desires. Culturally diffused to China from India. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Japanese form of Buddhism stressing meditation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First Dynasty of China to rule over an empire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Considered to be a Golden Age of China marked by government stability and cultural achievements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Traditional land route to the west that at one time traded products from China all the way to the Mediterranean Sea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Citizens who were given government jobs had to pass tests based on Confucianist ideas in order to ensure that they were worthy of the position. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leader of the Mongols from Mongolia who created an empire throughout Asia based on warfare and plunder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| European explorer who visited and actually worked in the imperial palace in China for Kublai Khan. He wrote a book about his travels stimulating European interest in China. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To bow down before a superior in China, which was a sign of respect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wars between Britain (and also France later) and China caused by Britain forcing opium into China. China asked Britain to stop trafficking opium into China and Britain refused. The war ended with the Treaty of Nanjing and Britain continuing to sell opium into China while taking over ports from China. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Labeled the “Unfair Treaty” after the first Opium War which was unfair towards China and began a period of European domination over China. |
|
|
Term
| Extraterritoriality rights |
|
Definition
| In the Treaty of Nanjing China agreed to allow foreigners who committed crimes in China to be tried under their native countries' laws. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| China was carved up and controlled by foreign nations. Foreign nations controlled specific areas of China economically in which only they could trade. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The grandson of Genghis Khan (Mongols) who became the emperor of China, founding the Yuan Dynasty. |
|
|
