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Definition
| refers to changes in behavior as a result of experience |
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| if the CS is persented alone enough times, w/o being paired with the UCS the CR will no longer occurr |
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| a stimuls that increasesthe occurence of a response |
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Definition
| removal of a desirable stimulus or prsentation of an unpleasant stimulus, which decreases a response |
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Definition
| a gradual reduction in the strenght of a response of a resultof repetitive simulation |
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Definition
| follows habituation, an increase in responsiveness to a new stimulus |
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Definition
| recovery to a new stimuli |
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Definition
| memory for stimuli to which infants were exposed wks or months earlier |
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Definition
| learning by copying the behavior of another person |
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Definition
| control over sctions that help infants get around in the enviornment (crawling, standing, walking) |
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Definition
| smaller movements such as reaching and grasping |
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Term
| dynamic systems theory of motor development |
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Definition
| veiws new motor skills as recoization of previously mastered skills, which lead to more effective waysof exploring and controling the enviornment. Each new skill is joint product of CNS deve., the bodies movement posibilities, the childs' goals and enviornmental supports for the skill(crawling, standing, steeping = walking) |
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Definition
| our sense of movement and location in space |
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Definition
| The faculty to feel or perceive; physical sensibility |
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Definition
| The ability to perceive differences between an object and its background |
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Definition
| the tendency to perceive the veridical size of a familiar object despite differences in their distance (and consequent differences in the size of the pattern projected on the retina of the eye) |
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Term
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Definition
| Differentiation of self refers to one's ability to separate one's own intellectual and emotional functioning from that of the family |
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Definition
| a quality of an object, or an environment, that allows an individual to perform an action. |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget's first stage, spanning the 1st 2 yrs of life, during which infants and toddlers "think" with their eyes, ears, hands, and other sensorimotor equipment |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget's theory, a specific structure, or organized way of making sense of experience, thats changes with age |
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Term
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Definition
| In, Piaget's theory, the process of building schemes through direct interaction with the enviornment |
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Definition
| the internal rearrangement and linking together of schemes so that they form a strongly interconnected cognitive system |
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Definition
| the part of adaptation in which the external world is interpreted in terms of current schemes |
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Definition
| the part of adaptation in which new schemes are created and old ones adjusted to produce a better fit w/ the enviornment |
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Term
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Definition
| implying a steady, comfortable condition (EX: when children aren't changing very much, they assimulat more than they accomidate |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive discomfort (EX: they shift away from assimulation to accomidate) |
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Term
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Definition
| In Piaget's theory, a means of building schemes in which infants try to repeat a chance event caused by their own motor activity |
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Term
| primary circular reaction |
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Definition
| by repeating chance behaviors largely motivated by basic needs (EX: babies open their mouthsdifferently for a nipple than for a spoon) |
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Term
| international/goal directed behavior |
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Definition
| A sequence of actions in which schemes are delibertly combined to solve a problem |
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Term
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Definition
| the understanding that objects continue to exsist when they are out of sight |
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| means end action sequence |
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Definition
| "pushing" aside the obsticle and grasping |
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Term
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Definition
| the error made by 8-12 months, who after an object has been moved from hiding place A to B, search for it incorrectly in the 1sy hidding place A |
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Definition
| internal deceptions of of info that the mind can manipulate |
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Term
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Definition
| finding a toy while moved out of sight, such as into a small box while under a cover |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to remember and copy the behaviors of models who arent present |
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Definition
| a type of play in which children pretend, acting out everyday and imaginary activities |
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Term
| violation of expectation method |
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Definition
| researchers habituate infants to a ohysical event and then determine whether they recover to (look longer at) an expected event or an unexpected event. Recovery to the unexpected event suggests awarness of that aspect of physical reality |
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Term
| solve problems by analogy |
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Definition
| take a strategy from one problem and apply it to other relevant problems |
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Term
| core knowledge perspective |
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Definition
| states that infants are born w/a set of innate knowledge systems, or core domains of thought, each of which permits a ready grasp of new related info |
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Term
| information processing theory |
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Definition
| This theory addresses how as children grow, their brains likewise mature, leading to advances in their ability to process and respond to the information they received through their senses |
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Term
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Definition
| in info processing, procedures that operate on and transform info, thereby increasing the efficiency and flexibility of thinking and the chances that info will be retained |
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Term
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Definition
| which sights and sounds are repersented directly and stored briefly before they decay or are transformed to working memory |
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Term
| working/short term memory |
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Definition
| where we activly "work" on a limited amount of info, applying mental steatgies to insure that it will be retained |
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Definition
| contains our permenant knowledge base |
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Term
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Definition
| the conscious part of working memory that directs the flow of infothrough the mental systems by deciding what to attend , coordinating incoming info w/info already in the system, and selecting, applying and monitoring strategies |
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Definition
| improves, especially when children play with toys |
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Term
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Definition
| The theory that information learned in a particular situation or place is better remembered when in that same situation or place |
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Term
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Definition
| the simplest form of memory, which involves noticing whether a new experience is identical or similar to a previous one |
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Term
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Definition
| the type of memory that involves remembering somehting w/o preceptual support |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability of most people to recall events that happened to them b4 age 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability of most people to recall events that happened to them b4 age 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| repersents of special one-time events that are long lasting bc they are imbued with personal meaning |
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Definition
| helps infants make sense of experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| the strong effectionate tie that humans have for special people in their lives |
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Term
| ethological theory of attachment |
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Definition
Bowlby's theory, that the infants emotional tie to the caregiver is an evolved response that premotes survival
1)preattachment phase
2)attachment in the making phase
3) clear cut attachment phase
4) formation of a reciprocal relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| an infants distressed rea |
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