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| instead of the idea that people get sick because they are not a very good person |
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| Louis Pasteur discovered,in the late 19th century, that some infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms, small organisms too small to see without magnification, that invade the host. |
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| discovered the Magic bullet |
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| basis for antiseptic use; introduction of phenol to sterilize surgical instruments and wounds |
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| hand washing in maternity ward |
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| search fo rantimicrobial drug that specifically toxic to microbes |
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Definition
| cancer and pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites |
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Definition
| maximize death of "bad cells" while preserving "good cells" meaning they don't have exclusive toxicity and not specific toxicity, they still can have effect on "good cells" |
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Definition
| chemical nature, species drug is administered to, pharmaceutics; the way it is administered, administration regimen, concurrent exposure to other substances |
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| median of lethal dose (LD50) |
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Definition
| dose required to kill 50% of the population; specific to experimental conditions, practical utility in clinical toxicology is controversial |
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| classification by target microorganism |
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Definition
| "antibacterial" "antifungal" "antiviral" "antiprotozoal" |
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Definition
| completely killing organisms that currently exist |
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| prevents any new organisms from being produced, all current organisms are still there |
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Definition
| cell kill occurs by first order kinetics, not absolutely N(t)=Noexp(-kt) |
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| cells repopulate when drug concentrations fall below threshold |
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Definition
| between doses or due to emergence of resistance |
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| end point of cell death is probabalistic |
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Definition
| you cannot have a fraction of a cell so there is a probability that a cell still exists at the endpoint administration |
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Definition
| to overcome resistance and to reduce dose-dependent toxicities of one agent |
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