Term
| What is the mechanism of action for Dapsone? |
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Definition
| Dapsone inhibits folic acid synthesis |
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Term
| What leprosy medication causes reddish-brown pigmentation of the skin and tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sporadic or recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis infections applis to how many infections withing 1 year? |
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Definition
| Recurrent applies to more than 4 episodes within 12 months |
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Term
| Complicated fungal infections are referring to what? |
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Definition
| Complicated usually refers to immunocompromised or poorly/uncontrolled diabetes. |
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Term
| What are the preferred agents to treat oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis infections? |
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Definition
| Fluconazole and Itraconazole |
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Term
| What fungal medication is a "pore former"-altering fungal cellular permeability? |
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Definition
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Term
| What medication is also known as "amphoterrible? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can infusion-related adverse effects of Amphotericin B be minimized? |
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Definition
| Manage with premedication with ibuprofen or co-infusion of hydrocortisone, and meperidine for chills |
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Term
| Why can't amphotericin B be used with aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can nephrotoxicity from amphotericin B be reduced? |
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Definition
| Saline infusion before and after amphotericin b infusion-keeps kidneys flushed |
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Term
| Is nephrotoxicity higher or lower with the lipid forumulation of Amphotericin B? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are infusion-related reactions more or less intense with the lipid formulation of Amphotericin B? |
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Definition
| More intense-since the medication is encapsulated in lipids, in can be stored in GI tract/lymph nodes and have a sustained release |
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Term
| What medication was originally made into a popsicle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What antifungal is rarely used because of it's high level of toxicity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Patients with renal insufficiency taking flucytosine or those receiving concurrent amphotericin B therapy might have what adverse effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What sign will patients present with prior to serious renal damage when taking Flucytosine? |
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Definition
| Patients will have an increase in blood pressure prior to nephrotoxicity |
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Term
| If you gave flucytosine and amphotericin B together, would you increase or decrease the dose of amphotericin B? |
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Definition
| They are typically used together so amphotericin B can be used at a lower dose to mimimize toxicity |
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Term
| Do azoles require an acidic or basic environment to be absorbed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the azole that dose not require an acidic environment for absorption? |
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Definition
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Term
| What azole can cause gyencomastia, decreased libido, and oligospermia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drugs can slow absorption of azoles? |
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Definition
| Drugs that decrease gastric acid secretion, like H2 blockers and PPIs |
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Term
| What medication's absorption is improved when taken with fatty meal? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What medication is excreted in perspiration? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What anti-fungal causes an impaired sense of taste? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is valacyclovir converted to in a first pass hydrolysis reaction? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is an adverse effect of acyclovir and valacyclovir if patients are not kept hydrated? |
|
Definition
| Crystallization of drug in renal tubules and collecting ducts causes reversible renal dysfunction. |
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Term
| What medication can be given with Cidofovir to reduce nephrotoxicity? |
|
Definition
| Probenacid and hydration slows uptake into proximal tubule cells |
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Term
| What medication is the antisense to mRNA of cytomegalovirus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What medication for cytomegalovirus is injected directly into the vitreous humor of the eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes Foscarnet different than other anti-viral medications? |
|
Definition
| There is no lethal synthesis required. |
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Term
| What CMV medications are similar to Acyclovir in structure, function and activation but more toxic? |
|
Definition
| Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir |
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|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for Ribavirin? |
|
Definition
| lethal synthesis activation-impacts assembly of viral components |
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|
Term
| True or False: Ribavirin can be used safely in pregnant women |
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Definition
| False. It is contraindicated in pregnancy women and male partners of pregnant women. |
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Term
| Why is it important to know the patient's HIV status before starting Adefovir therapy? |
|
Definition
| Mechanism of action is identical to HIV medications but at lower doses, which can cause HIV resistance |
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|
Term
| What are common black box warnings for Hepatitis B medications? |
|
Definition
| Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly |
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|
Term
| "Sulfone syndrome" is an adverse effect of what medication? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Are topical or oral medications preferred for mycotic infections of the toe and fingernails? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What CMV medications are carcinogenic and teratogenic? |
|
Definition
| Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir |
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|
Term
| What 2 medications are used in nursing homes to prevent the flu? |
|
Definition
| Amantadine and Rimantadine |
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|
Term
| What 2 flu medications are used to shorten the duration of the flu? |
|
Definition
| Zanamivir and Oseltamivir |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does a couple need to use 2 forms of birth control after using Ribavirin? |
|
Definition
| It is recommended for up to 6 months following Ribavirin treatment |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action for Adefovir and other Hep B medications? |
|
Definition
| Inhibits reverse transcriptase |
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|
Term
| What is a common adverse effect of Adefovir and other Hep B medications with abrupt stoppage? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Why is it important to know the patients HIV status before starting Lamivudine for Hep B? |
|
Definition
| A low dose of the drug will treat Hep B and cause resistance in HIV, and a higher dose is needed to treat HIV. |
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