Term
| Does bacterial protein synthesis involve a a 70s or 80s ribosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: 70s ribosomes are found in mitochondria of mammalian cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Are aminoglycosides 30s or 50s inhibitors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are tetracyclines 30s or 50s inhibitors? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Are glycylcycline 30s or 50s inhibitors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is Chloramphenicol a 30s or 50s inhibitor? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Are macrolides 30s or 50s inhibitors? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Is clindamycin a 30s or 50s inhibitor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are streptogramins 30s or 50s inhibitors? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Is linezolid a 30s or 50s inhibitor? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the aminoglycoside used to treat the plague? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the phase 1 mechanism of action for Aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
| Positively charged aminoglycoside enter bacteria through negatively charged pore. If aerobic, changes permeability of membrane causing subsequent aminoglycoside entry |
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Term
| What is the phase 2 mechanism of action for aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
| Inhibition of protein synthesis-binds various sites of bacterial 30s ribosomal subunits |
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Term
| True or False: There is not a minimum-required concentration for activity of aminoglycosides to occur |
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Definition
| False, aminoglycosides are concentration-dependent. |
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Term
| Do aminoglycosides have short or long durations of actions? |
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Definition
| Long. Aminoglycosides have a post-antiobiotic effect, lasting the duration of the frozen monozome. |
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Term
| What is the spectrum of action for aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do aminoglycosides concentrate in the body? |
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Definition
| Bone, renal cortical, and endo- and peri-lymph of the ear |
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Term
| Do aminoglycosides have a high or low margin of safety? |
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Definition
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Term
| Would you administer verapamil or calcium with aminoglycosides to reduce nephrotoxicity? |
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Definition
| Verapamil. Calcium will prevent aminoglycosides from entering bacteria. |
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Term
| Streptomycin and gentamicin are associated with what adverse effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| Neomycin, amikacin, and tobramycin are associated with what kind of ototoxicity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 black box warnings for aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
| Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, and neuromuscular blockade |
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Term
| Do penicillins enhance or harm the activity of aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
| Penicillins enhance the activity of the aminoglycosides by enhancing permeability of the bacterial wall |
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Term
| What can impair the oral absorption of tetracyclines? |
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Definition
| Food and metal ions. Tetracyclines with chelate with metal ions. |
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Term
| What two tetracylines have an improved oral absorption with food? |
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Definition
| Doxcycline and minocycline |
|
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Term
| Are the short acting or long acting tetracylines better distributed in lipid solubility and protein binding? |
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Definition
| Longer acting tetracyclines |
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Term
| Where in the body do tetracyclines accumulate? |
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Definition
| Teeth and bone (places with high levels of calcium) |
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Term
| What class of drugs causes photosensitivity? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Minocycline and doxycycline are associated with what adverse effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to Chloramphenical before excretion? |
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Definition
| Chloramphenical is inactivated by conjugation before excretion. |
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Term
| Dose related anemia due to bone marrow depression is an adverse effect of what medication? |
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Definition
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Term
| "Gray baby syndrome" associated with Chloramphenicol is due to what process? |
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Definition
| Neonates have poorly develop conjugation processes, allowing blood levels of chloramphenical to increase |
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Term
| Neurological problems associated with Chloramphenicol are most common in what type of patient? |
|
Definition
| Neurological problems occur more often in patients with cystic fibrosis. |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for macrolides? |
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Definition
| Macrolides inhibit translocation and block acceptor site |
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Term
| What is an adverse effect of macrolides when therapy >10 days or there are repeated courses? |
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Definition
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Term
| Because macrolides use the cytrochrome P450 enzyme, what other medications can be affected when combined? |
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Definition
| Anti-epileptics, HIV meds, anticoagulants-if used together, effectiveness of these medications will be decreased. |
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Term
| True or False. Macrolides can be safely co-administered with cisapride. |
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Definition
| False. Co-administration will cause prolongation of QT interval. |
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Term
| Sudden cardiac death can result from concurrent use of erythromycins and what other drugs? |
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Definition
| Drugs that inhibit CYP3A4:Ca channel blockers, antifungals, and typical antidepressants |
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Term
| Macrolides are commonly used to treat what STI? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the black box warning for Clindamycin? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What medication causes a "constipation" of the ribosome? |
|
Definition
| Quinupristin-Dalfopristin |
|
|
Term
| What is an adverse effect of Quinupristin-Dalfopristin? |
|
Definition
| Hepatotoxicity in 1% of patients |
|
|
Term
| What is the main indication for using Quinupristin-Dalfopristin? |
|
Definition
| Vancomycin-resistant streptococcus faecium |
|
|
Term
| What can Linezolid cause with prolonged use? |
|
Definition
| Reversible thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
| What medication contains phenylalanine and should not be given to phenylketonurics? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What medication inhibits monamine oxidase and should not be combined with alpha agonists because of an increased risk of HTN? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Insoniazid is inactiviated by what? |
|
Definition
| Genetically determined acetylation |
|
|
Term
| Do high acetylators have an increased or decreased risk of hepatotoxicity with Isoniazid? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug causes retrobulbar neuritis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is it important to educate patients NOT to skip Rifampin doses? |
|
Definition
| Intermittent therapy has immunosuppressive effects |
|
|
Term
| What medication causes red/orange to red/brown coloration of urine and secretions? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What Tb medication can cause sodium overload? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for Rifampin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If patients need higher doses of IZD, will they be at an increased or decreased risk of hepatotoxicity with Rifampin? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do 3rd world countries still use pyrazinamide to treat Tb? |
|
Definition
| It allows for a flexible treatment schedule |
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|
Term
| Nongouty polyarthralgia and asymptomatic hyperuricemia are adverse effects of what medication? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What 2nd line Tb drug has a similar mechanism of action to the sulfonamide class? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Patients on what type of diet need to be careful when taking para-aminosalicylic acid? |
|
Definition
| Patients on sodium-restricted diets for HTN |
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|
Term
| What can be given with IZD treatment to minimize CNS effect? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2nd line Tb medication is similar to IZD? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2nd line Tb medication has a similar mechanism of action to Vanco? |
|
Definition
| Cycloserine-competitive inhibitor of D-alanine |
|
|
Term
| What 2nd line Tb medication is similar to Rifampin in mechanism of action? |
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Definition
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