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| coldest possible temperature, 0 degrees Kelvin, all motion stops |
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| an intermediate between reactants and products where bonds are breaking and bonds are forming. it is the least stable point on an energy diagram |
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| minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
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| different forms of the same element (O2, O3 [oxygen and ozone]) (graphite, diamond, coal [carbon]) |
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| mixture of metals (bronze, brass) |
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| first letter in the greek alphabet; mass=4 charge=2 symbol:a (or He) |
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| can act as either an acid or a base |
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| site of oxidation in an electrochemical cell |
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| something that produces H+ ions when you put it in water |
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| something that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions when you put it in water |
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| sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus |
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| 1/12th of a carbon 12 atom |
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| the number of protons inside the nucleus equal to the number of electrons outside the nucleus |
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| electrons coming out of the nucleus, mass=0 charge=-1 symbol: B |
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| 2 elements bonded together |
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| colors given off when an electron falls from an excited state to a ground state |
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| a solution that resists change in pH. It is made from a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt. |
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| speeds up a process but you get it back unaltered at the end |
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| side of reduction in an electrochemical cell |
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| based on the freezing point (0 degrees) and boiling point (100 degrees) of water |
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| 2 or more elements bonded together |
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| steel rods laced with cadmium and boron; used to absorb neutrons |
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| cools down a nuclear reactor |
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| sharing electrons; electronegativity difference of less than 1.7 |
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| the minimum amount of fissionable material that will sustain a chain reaction |
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| separating elements based on their boiling points |
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| a solution that conducts electricity because it contains ions |
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| negatively charged particle that is found outside the nucleus with a mass near 0 |
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| attraction for electrons on a scale of 0-4 |
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| basic building block of matter that cant be broken down by ordinary chemical means |
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| the simplest whole number ratio of elements in a compound (CH4--> 1:4, H2O-->2:1) |
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| the rate of the forward reaction = the rate of the reverse reaction |
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| alcohol+organic acid-->water+ester |
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| not in the order on the periodic table |
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| reaction that produces CO2 and ethyl alcohol |
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| combining light nuclei to make a heavier nucleus |
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| to coat something with zinc to prevent rusting |
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| high energy xrays (no mass no charge) |
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| no definite shape no definite volume |
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| in the order on the periodic table |
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| vertical columns on the periodic table |
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| the amount of time it takes for half of a radioactive isotope to decay |
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| water made with deuterium instead of hydrogen |
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| actual atoms dont take up any space and they have no attraction for each other; high temperature, low pressure |
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| substance that changes color depending on the pH |
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| transfer of electrons, electronegativity difference greater than 1.7 |
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| the energy it takes to remove an electron |
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| same molecular formula, different structure |
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| same atomic number, different atomic mass |
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| no definite shape, definite volume |
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| can be hammered into shape |
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| lose electrons, charge goes up |
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| on the staircase, properties of metals and nonmetals |
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| 2 or more things put together but not bonded |
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| slows down neutrons, most common are graphite and heavy water |
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| hardest known substances (diamond, quartz) |
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| acid + base --> salt + water |
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| a particle in the nucleus with a mass of 1 and no charge |
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| gain electrons and the charge decreases |
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| a region of space in an atom where electrons can most probably be found, holding a maximum of 2 electrons |
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| loss of electrons, charge goes up |
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| horizontal rows corresponding to energy levels |
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| properties of elements are based on atomic number |
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| positive electron coming out of the nucleus, charge +1, mass 0 (B) |
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| force of collision of the atoms in molecules |
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| positively charged particle in the nucleus with a mass of 1 |
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| gaining electrons, the charge goes down |
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| allows the flow of ions in an electrochemical cell |
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| produces soap and glycerin |
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| contains all single bonds |
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| maximum amount of something that will dissolve at a certain temperature |
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| definite shape, definite volume |
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| standard temperature and pressure |
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| changing from a solid to a gas with no liquid phase (dry ice, iodine) |
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| a solution made with alcohol instead of water |
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| D-block/compounds with colors |
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| changing one element into another |
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| contains double or triple bonds |
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| not the maximum amount dissolved |
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