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| subatomic particle with positive charge |
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| subatomic particle with no charge |
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| subatomic particle with negative charge |
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| 1/1840 th the mass of a proton or neutron |
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| electrons in the outer shell of an atom |
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| subatomic particles making up most of the mass of an atom |
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| number of protons in an atom |
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| Atoms with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons |
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| Weighted mass of all the isotopes of an atom |
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| The number of neutrons and protons in an atom (the average atomic mass rounded) |
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| An atom that has lost or gained electrons |
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| Atoms having the same number of protons as electrons (positive and negative charges are equal) |
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| Model of the atom showing electrons in specific energy levels around the nucleus. |
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Shell or "n"
Place where electrons can be. |
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| Number of electrons that can be on the first energy level. |
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| Number of electrons that can be on the second energy level. |
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| Number of electrons that can be on the third energy level. |
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| Formula used to calculate number of electrons in an energy level- where "n" is the energy level |
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[image]
The top number is |
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[image]
The bottom number is ___. |
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C-12
C-13
C-14
The above elements have the same number of ___ but different number of ____ |
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C-12
C-13
C-14
The atoms above are all _____ of carbon |
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| Verticle (up and down) columns of the periodic table |
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| Horizontal (across) on periodic table |
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| Lanthinde and Actinide series |
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| Elements to the left of the stair-step line on periodic table |
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| Elements to the right of the stair-step line on periodic table |
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| Element symbol with valence electrons shown as dots |
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| Mostly solid at room temperature, conduct electricity and heat, are malleable and ductile |
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| Do not conduct electricity, are insulators, brittle and can be solids, liquids or gases at room temperature. |
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| Have properties of both metals and nonmetals |
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| Type of bond in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
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| Type of bond in which electrons are shared between atoms |
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| Properties of ionic compounds |
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| Solids with high melting points and conductors of elctricity when dissolved in water |
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The average kinetic energy of particles in a substance |
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The temperature at which a solid begins to liquefy. |
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The process of changing a liquid to a gas.
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Vaporization which happens at the surface of a liquid below the boiling point of that liquid. |
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A process which a liquid enters the gaseous state. It occurs throughout a liquid at a specific temperurature. |
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| Melting and freezing point of water |
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Most common state of matter in the universe consisting of positively and negatively charged particles. This state is found in all stars (sun), lightning bolts, neon and fluorescent lights and auroras. |
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The faster the movement of the particles, the higher the _____. |
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| Volume and shape are definite. Particles ____ in fixed postion. |
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When a material changes from one state of matter to another. |
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Heat is the transfer of this from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature. |
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State with a definite volume but not a definite shape. |
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| The particles in a liquid are moving past each other and have enough _______to overcome the attractive forces. |
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| Does not have a definite volume or shape. |
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Processes of vaporization |
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The process where a solid changes directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid.
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The process of a gas or vapor becoming a liquid.
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The water vapor that condenses on blades of grass or a car forms liquid droplets.
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When a layer of air near the ground cools, water vapor in the air condenses. |
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Some substances can change directly into a solid without first forming a liquid. An example is the formation of snowflakes forming when water vapor changes directly to ice crystals. |
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Removing this from the water, the molecules lose kinetic energy and slow down. |
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The temperature where a liquid is converted into a solid. |
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| 100 degrees celsius or 212 Fahrenheit |
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| Materials, substances, chemicals and "stuff" |
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| An original substance in a chemical reaction |
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| Shows the reactants and products involved in a reaction using chemical formulas |
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| A substance made up of one type of atom. These substances cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means. Examples are iron, helium, copper and sodium. They are found on the periodic table. |
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| A substance made up of two or more different elements chemically combined. Examples are water, salt, carbon dioxide, and sugar. These substances can be broken down into their elements by chemical means. |
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| A material made up of two or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means. Pizza, salt water, and muddy water are examples. |
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| A mixture in which different materials in the mixture can be distinguished easily (a mixture which does not look the same throughout). A cup of lucky charms, mixed berries or dry soup mix are examples. These mixtures are separated by physical means. |
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| A type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in solutions, but not heavy enough to settle out. Fog, paint and coolwhip are examples of this type of mixture. |
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| A mixture which is blended uniformly throughout. All parts of the mixture look the same. Examples are soft drinks in sealed bottles, vinegar and metal alloys. These mixtures are separated by physical means. |
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| A heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle. Suspensions will show the tyndall effect like colloids. But unlike colloids, suspensions settle and can be separated with a filter paper. Muddy pond water is an example. |
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| Any characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the identity of the substance. Examples are color, shape, size, density, magnetism, melting and boiling point. |
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| A change in the size, shape, or state of matter. Examples are crushing a sugar cube or boiling and freezing. |
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| A physical separation method which uses the property of different boiling points to separate a mixture. |
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| A characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change. Flammability of a substance or the reactivity of a substance are examples. |
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| A change of one substance into another. Burning, rotting and rusting are examples. |
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| Clues of a chemical change |
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| A combination of changes in temperature and color, formation of a gas (bubbling or fizzing), or a solid, and production of light or sound |
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| Law of Conservation of Mass |
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| Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. The total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products after a chemical reaction has taken place. |
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