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| the energy an object has because of its motion |
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| states that the tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion |
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| the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object |
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| an empty space with no particles or pressure |
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| results from the collisions of air molecules with objects |
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| devices commonly used to measure atmospheric pressure |
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| standard atmosphere (atm) |
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| the pressure required to support 760mm of mercury in a mercury barometer at 25 C |
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| the conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor |
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| vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling |
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| force due to the gas above the liquid |
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| the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the external pressure |
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| the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 101.3 kPa |
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| gives the conditions of temperature and pressure at which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, and gas |
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| describes the only set of conditions at which all three phases can exist in equilibrium with one another |
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| change of a substance from a solid to a vapor without passing through a liquid state |
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| concerned with the heat changes that occur during chemical reactions |
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| the capacity for doing work or supplying heat |
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| chemical potential energy |
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| energy stored within the structural units of chemical substances |
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| energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference between them |
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| the part of the universe on which you focus your attention |
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| everything else in the universe |
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| the system and its surroundings together |
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| law of conservation of energy |
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| states that in any physical or chemical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed |
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| process that absorbs heat from the surroundings |
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| process that releases heat to its surroundings |
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| the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of pure water 1 C |
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| the SI unit of heat and energy |
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| the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of an object exactly 1 C |
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| specific heat capacity (specific heat) |
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| the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance 1 C |
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Definition
1. No attractive or repulsive forces exist between the particles.
2. The particles of a gas move rapidly in constant random motion (random walk).
3. All collisions are perfectly elastic (total kinetic energy remains constant). |
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| state of matter closest to kinetic theory |
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