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| A description of the natural world that has proven reliable over time. |
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| The theory that all matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms. |
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| Electrons in an atom will occupy the lowest energy orbitals available. |
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| Pauli Exclusion Principle |
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| A maximum of two electrons can occupy each orbital, and these electrons must have different spin quantum numbers. |
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| A description of the occupied electron orbitals in an atom. |
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| N, can take the values of 1,2,3,4 and so on. |
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| A number with certain definite values. |
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| The lowest energy state of a quantized system |
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| The condition of an atom in a higher energy state than ground state. |
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| The number of waves that pass a stationary point in one second. |
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| Represented by a lower case "i" this number describes the shape of the electrons path |
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| Represented by "mę" this number describes where the electron is in relation to the nucleus and other orbitals. |
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| Consists of 6 parts. Each part contributes to our understanding of electron behavior. The electrons travel in a circular path around the nucleus and this path is an orbit. |
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| A transition in which the electron gains or loses a very specific amount of energy. |
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| Distance between trough and crest |
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| Distance between crests. Measured in Meters. |
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| Radio wave, microwave, infrared, visible, UV, X-rays, Gamma rays |
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| One wave per second, Hz, the unit in which frequency is measured. |
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| The most stable arrangement of electrons is that with the maximum number of unpaired electrons, all with the same spin quantum number. |
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| Law of conservation of mass |
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| The products of chemical reaction have the same mass as the reactants |
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| Law of definite proportions |
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| Any sample of a compound always has the same composition |
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| Law of multiple proportions |
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| The mass ratio for one of the elements that combines with a fixed mass of another element can be expressed in small whole numbers. |
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| red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet |
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| Danish scientist who wanted to fund the answer to why do elements each produce a unique emission spectrum when energized; he wanted to develop a mathematical model. |
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| An electromagnetic wave of a frequency between about 104 and 1011 or 1012 Hz, as used for long-distance... |
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| An electromagnetic wave with a wavelength in the range 0.001–0.3 m. Microwaves are used in radar, in communications, and for heating. |
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| electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than radio waves. |
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| light: (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation to the human eye |
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| Form of energy traveling through space |
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| a form of electromagnetic radiation, as is visible light, but with some different characteristics. The important difference is that X rays can penetrate or pass through the human body and produce shadow-like images of structures such as bones, some of the organs, and signs of disease and injury. |
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| They have the smallest wavelengths and the most energy of any other wave in the electromagnetic spectrum. |
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| The spectrum of bright lines, bands, or continuous radiation characteristic of and determined by a specific emitting substance subjected to a specific kind of excitation. |
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Light emitted by a substance without combustion or perceptible heat.
The emission of radiation in a similar manner to fluorescence but on a longer timescale, so that emission continues after excitation ceases. |
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| Electromagnetic radiation |
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| A kind of radiation including visible light, radio waves, gamma rays, and X-rays, in which electric and magnetic fields vary simultaneously. |
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| a system of planets or other bodies orbiting another star. |
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| was a British scientist who is known for his work in early atomic theory and research in colour blindness which he had |
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| Believed atoms were indestructible. He named the smallest unit of matter "atom" |
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| A reasonable and testable explanation of observations |
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| A well-tested explanation of observations |
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| A numerical or constant quantity placed before and multiplying the variable in an algebraic expression (e.g., 4 in 4x |
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| a letter, figure, or symbol Written or printed below the line. |
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| Discrete packets of energy that make up electromagnetic radiation. |
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| A spectrum of electromagnetic radiation transmitted through a substance, showing dark lines or bands due to absorption of specific... |
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| An atom or group of atoms with an electrical charge |
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| A positively charged ion, i.e., one that would be attracted to the cathode in electrolysis. |
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| A negatively charged ion, i.e., one that would be attracted to the anode in electrolysis. |
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| states that elements gain or lose electrons to attain an electron configuration of the nearest noble gas. Here is an explanation of how that works and why elements follow the octet rule. |
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| Having the same numbers of electrons or the same electronic structure. |
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The atom is the smallest particle of an element.
The atom is a solid, indestructible unit.
Atoms of different elements have different masses. |
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| discovered the electron in a series of experiments designed to study the nature of electric discharge in a high-vacuum cathode-ray tube, an area being investigated by numerous scientists at the tim |
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| In 1897 J.J. Thomson discovered the electron, a negatively charged particle more than two thousand times lighter than a hydrogen atom. |
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| In 1899 he studied the absorption of radioactivity by thin sheets of metal foil and found two components: alpha (a) radiation, which is absorbed by a few thousandths of a centimeter of metal foil, and beta (b) radiation, which can pass through 100 times as much foil before it was absorbed. |
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| A positively charged particle, indistinguishable from a helium atom nucleus and consisting of two protons and two neutrons. |
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The quantum mechanical model is based on quantum theory, which says matter also has properties associated with waves.
Uses shapes of orbitals. |
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| consists of a box representing each orbital and a half arrow representing each electron. |
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| Noble Gas Abbreviation of Electron configuration |
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| is a description of electron arrangement within an atom, which indicates both population and location of electrons among the various atomic orbitals. |
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| Lanthanides and actinides |
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