Term
| Why is a serum sample preferred (over plasma) for a total protein test and electrophoresis? |
|
Definition
Fibrinogen will cause a plasma value to be slightly higher than serum;
Fibrinogen will cause the appearance of a small peak on electrophoresis. |
|
|
Term
| What is the reference range for total protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the reference range for total albumin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What in vitro conditions could cause proteins to denature? |
|
Definition
| Heat, Repeated Freeze-Thaw Cycles, Prolonged UV Exposure |
|
|
Term
| How will hemolysis affect a total protein result? |
|
Definition
| Falsely Elevate the total protein value |
|
|
Term
| What protein is present in highest concentration in serum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List 4 causes of a decreased total protein. |
|
Definition
| Liver Disease, Burns, GI Malabsorption, Acute Glomerulonephritis, Starvation |
|
|
Term
State the classic method and reagent used in the quantification of:
Total Protein |
|
Definition
| Biuret using cuprous ions |
|
|
Term
State the classic method and reagent used in the quantification of:
Albumin |
|
Definition
| Dye-binding with bromcresol green, bromcresol purple, or methyl orange |
|
|
Term
List the carrier protein for the following:
Hemoglobin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
List the carrier protein for the following:
Iron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
List the carrier protein for the following:
Bilirubin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
List the carrier protein for the following:
Copper |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
List the carrier protein for the following:
Thyroid Hormone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what conditions or diseases would you expect to find a decreased Haptoglobin? |
|
Definition
| Intravascular Hemolysis, Transfusion Reactions, Hemolytic Anemia |
|
|
Term
| What disease is associated with a decreased level of alpha-1-antitrypsin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What conditions are associated with an elevated beta-2-microglobulin? |
|
Definition
| Multiple Myeloma & Lymphoma |
|
|
Term
| What conditions or diseases are associated with an elevated plasma viscosity? |
|
Definition
| Multiple Myeloma, Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Hyperfibrinogenemia |
|
|
Term
| What is the reporting unit for plasma viscosity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a normal AG ratio? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition is associated with an increased AG ratio? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What conditions are associated with a decreased AG ratio? |
|
Definition
| Multiple Myeloma, Chronic Inflammation, Nephrotic Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| List 2 primary factors that influence a protein's rate of migration. |
|
Definition
| Charge, Size, Molecular Weight |
|
|
Term
| At a buffer pH of 8.6, which type of charge will most proteins acquire? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At a buffer pH of 8.6, to which pole will proteins migrate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Buffer flow toward the negative electrode passively carries some proteins. What is the term for this phenomenon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Label the 5 protein electrophoresis fractions, the cathode, and the anode:
1
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Label the 5 protein electrophoresis fractions, the cathode, and the anode:
2
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Label the 5 protein electrophoresis fractions, the cathode, and the anode:
3
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Label the 5 protein electrophoresis fractions, the cathode, and the anode:
4
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Label the 5 protein electrophoresis fractions, the cathode, and the anode:
5
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Label the 5 protein electrophoresis fractions, the cathode, and the anode:
X
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Label the 5 protein electrophoresis fractions, the cathode, and the anode:
Z
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How will a plasma protein electrophoresis scan differ from a serum scan? |
|
Definition
| Fibrinogen band will appear between Beta and Gamma in Plasma. It will be absent in Serum. |
|
|
Term
| What primary neurologic disease is associated with an abnormal CSF electrophoresis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the significant finding on the electrophoresis pattern when the primary neurologic disease (MS) is associated with an abnormal CSF electrophoresis. |
|
Definition
| Oligoclonal bands present in Gamma region |
|
|
Term
| What is Bence Jones protein? |
|
Definition
| Free Kappa or Lambda Light Chains |
|
|
Term
| In what disease do you often see Bence Jones proteins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain the principle of capillary zone electrophoresis. |
|
Definition
| Proteins migrate through a capillary tube based on net charge. As each protein or group of proteins passes through a detector, the absorbance is measured and converted into a peak. |
|
|
Term
| What is one of the major benefits of capillary zone over traditional electrophoresis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the characteristic protein electrophoresis pattern seen in the following:
Multiple Myeloma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the characteristic protein electrophoresis pattern seen in the following:
Liver Cirrhosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the characteristic protein electrophoresis pattern seen in the following:
Emphysema |
|
Definition
| Decreased Alpha-1 Fraction |
|
|
Term
Describe the characteristic protein electrophoresis pattern seen in the following:
Nephrotic Syndrome |
|
Definition
| Very Decreased Albumin & a Decrease in most other protein fractions |
|
|
Term
Describe the characteristic protein electrophoresis pattern seen in the following:
Chronic Infections/Inflammation |
|
Definition
|
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