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| electron pairs in the valence shell repel each other and maximize distance between pairs |
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| one or more electron pairs are shared between atoms |
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| two orbitals blended together |
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| (AX) one written first in formula/located at the outer edges of the molecule or polyatomic ion |
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| reversible reactions that do not go to completion |
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| partial pressures of the reaction components are related through a simple relation |
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| if a system at equilibrium is disturbed by some change, the system will respond to counteract the disturbance & restore equilibrium if possible |
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| determines which way the equilibrium will shift |
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| mass action expression (K) |
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| "reactants" over "products" |
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| (R=[A^x][B^y]) a mathematical relation between the rate of a reaction and concentration of the reactants |
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| the study of reaction rate, or speed |
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| reactants must collide in order for a reaction to occur |
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| reactions that proceed through a number of individual steps |
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Hrxn is negative=exothermic
Hrxn is positive=endothermic |
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| reactions that are self-propagating once they are initiated |
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| react reversibly with water to form H3O ions in a brownstead/Lowry reaction in which the acid is a proton donor and water is the proton acceptor |
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| a reaction between a salt & a water |
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| the volume of a standard acidic or basic solution required to just react with a known volume of a base or acid of an unknown solution is determined |
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| a type of double replacement reaction in which an acid and a base combine to form a salt & water |
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| changes color when the reaction is complete |
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| substance is one that can react as either an acid or base |
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| any molecular solvent which contains dissociable H+ |
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