Term
| A measure of the quantity of matter is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the SI standard base unit for volume |
|
|
Term
| Quantative observtaions are recorded using |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The base unit for mass is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The abbreviation that represents a volume unit is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The SI base unit for time is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The metric unit for length that is closet to the thickness of a dime is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The abbreviation mm represents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The relationship between the mass of a material, its colume, and its denisty is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Five darts strike near the center of the target. Whoever threw the darts is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To two significant figuresm the measurement 0.0255 g should be reported as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The number of significant figures in the measurement 170.040 km is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The dimensions of a rectangular solid are measured to be 1.27 cm, 1.3 cm, and 2.5 cm. The volume should be recorded as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expressed in scientific notation, 0.0930 m is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The law of conservation of mass follows from the concept that |
|
Definition
| when elements react to form a compound, the total mass of the sum of the individual masses |
|
|
Term
| The law of definite proportions says |
|
Definition
| a compound contains the same elements in exact same ratio in mass regardless of sample size |
|
|
Term
| In a cathode tube, electrical current passes from one electrode, the ________, to the oppositely charged electrode. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Experiments with cathode rays led to the discovery of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who explained the behavior of positively charged particles being deflected from a metal foil as the nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the gold foil experiment, most of the partiles fired at the foil |
|
Definition
| were not deflected at all |
|
|
Term
| The gold foil experiment led to the discovery of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Rutherford conclude about the structure of the atom? |
|
Definition
| The atom has a central positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons |
|
|
Term
| A nuclear particle that has about the same mass as a proton, but with no electrical charge, is called a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slightly larger than that of a proton |
|
|
Term
| The nucleus of most atoms is composed of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An aluminum isotope consists of 13 protons, 13 electrons, and 14 neutrons. Its mass number is |
|
Definition
27
(add # of protons and neutrons) |
|
|
Term
| Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Isotopes of an element contain different numbers of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the light from excited atoms of an element is passed through a prism, the distinct colored lines produced are called |
|
Definition
| the electromagnetic spectrum |
|
|
Term
| Bohr's theory helped explain why |
|
Definition
| excited hydrogen gas gives off ceratain colors of light |
|
|
Term
| According to Bohr's atomic theory, an excited atom would |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If electrons in an atom have the lowest possible energies, the electrons are in their |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For an electron in an atom to change from the ground state to an excited state |
|
Definition
| it must absorb energy and one or more electrons must move to a higher electron shell |
|
|
Term
| Most of the volume of an atom is occupied bu the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main energy levels of an atom are indicated by the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The letter designations for the first four sublevels with the number of electrons that can be accommidated in each sublevel are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The number of orbitals for the d sublevel is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The statement that an electron occupies the lowest available energy orbital is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin" is a statement of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two electrons in the 1s orbital must have different spin quantum numbers to satisfy |
|
Definition
| the Pauli Exclusion Principle |
|
|
Term
| The sequence in which energy sublevels are filled is specified by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mendeleev is credited with developing the first successful |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The principle that states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The periodic law states that |
|
Definition
| all chemical elements have similar properties but can change by increasing the atomic number |
|
|
Term
| Elements in the same group have similar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To which group of the periodic table do Lithium and Potassium belong? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To which group of the periodic table do Fluorine and Chlorine belong? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The outer electron configuration of an Alkali metal has |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The elements in group 17 are known by what name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trends in the properties of elements in a group or period can be explained in terms of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The effect of inner electrons on the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons of an atom is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One method of measuring the size of an atom involves calculating a value that is _______ the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Going down a group in the periodic table, electron shielding generally causes the effective nuclear charge to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Going across a period in the periodic table, electron shielding generally has little effect. As a result, the effective nuclear charge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an ion with a negative charge |
|
|
Term
| When the octet rule is satisfied, the outermost _____ are filled. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The elements of the _________ group satisfy the octet rule without forming compounds. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Once an atom has full s and p orbitals in its outermost energy level, |
|
Definition
| it has a stable octet and is unreactive |
|
|
