Term
| What is it called when molecules contain carbon, large, and covalently bonded? |
|
Definition
| anything that contains carbon, large, and covalently bonded is considered organic |
|
|
Term
| what is inorganic compounds? |
|
Definition
| inorganic is when there is no carbon such as water, salts, |
|
|
Term
| give me properties of water |
|
Definition
Water has high heat capacity - it takes a long time for it change temperature. For example, the pool on a hot day will still be warm at night.
high heat of vaporization - it takes a lot of heat from liquid to gas
polar solvent properties - dissolves ionic substances, forms hydration layers around large charged molecules, and serves as the bodys major transport medium. |
|
|
Term
| give me more properties of water |
|
Definition
reactivity - is an important part of hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis
cushioning - resilient cushioning of certain parts of the bodies organs |
|
|
Term
| what contributes to acid and bases? |
|
Definition
acid releases hydrogen ions so the more hydrogen ions the more acidic
bases is hydroxoly ions , the higher hydroxoly ion, the more basitic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
0-6.9 is acidic
7 is neutral
7.01 - 14 is bases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resist a change in large system of ph change of body fluids. For example, drinking alcohol is acidic and homeostasis. |
|
|
Term
| what are the four organic compounds? |
|
Definition
| carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and fat. because they have carbon which is unique in living systems |
|
|
Term
| give me properties of carbohydrates |
|
Definition
| contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. major function is to supply a source of cellular food. examples would be monosaccharides and simple sugars, dissacharides, polysaccharides |
|
|
Term
| give me properties of lipids |
|
Definition
| contains carbon, hydrogen, but less oxygen compared to carbohydrates. examples would be neutral fats or triglycerides, phospholipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Because it helps kill bacteria in the intenstines and pathogens |
|
|
Term
| What does dehydration synthesis do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what other lipids do we have? |
|
Definition
| Phospholipids - modified trygycerides with two fatty acid groups and a phosphorus group. making membrane of our cells. |
|
|
Term
| what is hydrophillic and hydrophobic? |
|
Definition
| hydrophillic loves water and hydrophobic hates water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| steroids are flat molecules with four interlocking hydrocarbon rings. Things like cholestrol |
|
|
Term
| what lipids are found in the body? |
|
Definition
neutral fats - found in subcutaneous tissues and around organs
phospholipids - chief component of cell membranes
steroids - cholestrol, sex hormones and adrenal corticol hormones
fat soluble vitamins - vitamin a, d, e and k
lipoproteins - transport fatty acids and cholesterol in the bloodstream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
building blocks of protein, containing an amino group and a carboxyl group.
amino acid structure |
|
|
Term
| How many types of amino acids are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the structural levels of protein |
|
Definition
primary - amino acid sequence(peptide bonds only, single)
secondary - alpha helices(peptide bonds and hydrogen bonds)
tertiary - superimposed folding of secondary structures(peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds and other bonds)
quaternary - polypeptide chains linked togheter in a specific manner |
|
|
Term
| what are fibrous and globular proteins? |
|
Definition
fibrous proteins are extranded and strandlike proteins. examples would be keratin, elastin, collagen
globular proteins would be compact, spherical with tertiary and quaternary structures.
examples are antibodies, hormones and enzymes |
|
|
Term
| what is protein denutaration? |
|
Definition
| protein denuatration is the reversible unfolding of protein due to drops in ph or increased temperature but irreversible if the temperatures are extreme |
|
|
Term
| give me the characteristic of enzymes |
|
Definition
most are globular proteins made of holoenzymes that consist of apoenzyme and a cofactor(usually an ion)
they are chemically specific and most end with an ase |
|
|
Term
| what is the mechanism of enzymes? |
|
Definition
| they have low activation energy and enymzes bind with substrate |
|
|
Term
| what are nucleic acids composed of and name the fie nitrogen bases. |
|
Definition
| composed of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus |
|
|
