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| any of the many substance that make up the matter of the universe |
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| the amount of matter in a body or object |
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| a pure substance that can not be broken down by chemical means. ex. coppery, gold, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen |
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| founder of modern chemistry |
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| smallest part of an element |
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| Planetary model (Bohr Model) |
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| nucleus of the atom is the sun, electrons are the planets that orbit around the nucleus |
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| electrons swarm about the nucleus in an incredibly fast way |
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| Simplified Model of An Atom |
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| electron move around the nucleus |
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| chemical combination of two or more atoms |
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| when atoms of one kind combine with atoms of another kind/substance whose molecules consists of atoms that are chemically united |
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| symbol/abbreviation for the name of an element ex. Fe=Iron |
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| is a measurement of the pull of gravity on an object or body |
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| a system of comparing atomic weights Remember that atomic weight is always a weight that is compared to the element carbon. |
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| 3 kinds of sub-atomic particles |
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| protons, neutrons, and electrons |
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| have an electrical plus (or positive) charge (+) |
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| have a minus (or negative) charge (-) |
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| do not have an electrical charge, they are neutral |
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| is the number of protons contained in the nucleus of an atom Ex. Carbon has an atomic number of 6. This number means that has six protons in the nucleus |
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| is computed by adding protons and neutrons together. Carbon's atomic weight is 6+6=12 amu (electrons is no longer considered because they're so tiny that is does not affect much of the weight of the atom |
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| Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev |
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| Russian chemist who developed the table of elements |
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| IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) |
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| the authority which credits the discovery of elements and assign names to them |
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| elements on the left of the stair-steps (except hydrogen) |
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| non-metals (non-metal element) |
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| elements on the right of the stair-steps |
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| the last two rows at the very bottom |
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| elements beginning with atomic number 93 |
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| elements in the 7th row of the periodic table of elements |
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| two important classes of compounds |
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| are electron pair acceptors. (taste sour or sharp) ex. weak acids: citric found in citrus fruit, (lemons, oranges, grapefruits, and limes), vinegar contain tiny amount of acetic acid, boris is used an an antiseptic |
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| chemical substance that provides a pair of electrons to form a chemical bond. (usually feels slick or soapy, most bases have bitter taste ex. baking soda and ammonia (bases break downs grease) |
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| acids and bases work against each other, when mixed they neutralize each other. to neutralize means to cancel each other. (strong acids and bases when mixed will spatter and cause severe burns to skin and eyes.) |
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| litmus paper or phenolphthalein |
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| indicator to detect the presence of an acid or base in a solution. acids turn blue litmus paper to red. bases turn red litmus paper blue. |
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