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| Program of economic aid to Latin America during the Kennedy administration. |
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| Site in Cuba of an unsuccessful landing by fourteen hundred anti-Castro refugees in April 1961. |
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| Wall erected by East Germany in 1961 and torn down in 1989 that isolated West Berlin from the surrounding areas in Communist-controlled East Berlin and East Germany. |
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| Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka |
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Definition
| Supreme Court decision in 1954 that declared that "separate but equal" schools for children of different races violated the Constitution. |
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Definition
| Federal legislation that outlawed discrimination in public accommodations and employment on the basis of race, skin color, sex, religion, or national origin. |
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| Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) |
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Definition
| Civil rights group formed in 1942 and committed to nonviolent civil disobedience, such as the 1961 "Freedom Rides." |
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Term
| Federal Highway Act of 1956 |
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Definition
| Measure that provided federal funding to build a nationwide system of interstate and defense highways. |
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Definition
| Voter registration effort in rural Mississippi organized by black and white civil rights workers in 1964. |
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| Theme of Lyndon Johnson's administration, focusing on poverty, education, and civil rights. |
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Term
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution |
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Definition
| Congressional resolution passed in 1964 authorizing the president to wage undeclared war in Vietnam. |
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| A treaty signed in July 1963 by the US, Britain, and the USSR, which outlawed nuclear testing in the atmosphere, in outer space, and under water. Other nations were invited to join in. |
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| Popular name for the military doctrine adopted in the 1950s, whereby the US promised to respond to any attack on itself or its allies with massive force, including nuclear weapons. |
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| Supplementary medical insurance for the poor, financed through the federal government; program created in 1965 |
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Definition
| Basic medical insurance for the elderly, financed through the federal government; program created in 1965. |
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Term
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) |
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Definition
| Federal agency created in 1958 to manage American space flights and exploration. |
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Definition
| John F. Kennedy's domestic and foreign policy initiatives, designed to reinvigorate a sense of national purpose and energy. |
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Term
| Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) |
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Definition
| Federal agency that coordinated many programs of the War on Poverty between 1964 and 1975. |
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Term
| Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) |
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Definition
| Mutual defense alliance signed in 1954 by the US, Britain, France, Thailand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand. |
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Term
| Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) |
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Definition
| Black civil rights organization founded in 1957 by Martin Luther King, Jr., and other clergy. |
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Definition
| A document signed by 101 members of Congress from southern states in 1956 that argued that the Supreme Court's decision in Brown vs. the Board of Education in Topeka itself contradicted the Consititution. |
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Term
| Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) |
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Definition
| Black civil rights organization founded in 1960 and drawing heavily on younger activists and college students. |
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| Communist rebels in South Vietnam who fought the pro-American government established in South Vietnam in 1954. |
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| Legislation in 1965 that overturned a variety of practices by which states systematically denied voter registration to minorities. |
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| Set of programs introduced by Lyndon Johnson between 1963 and 1966 designed to break the cycle of poverty by providing funds for job training, community development, nutrition, and supplementary education. |
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