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| Linguistic competence refers to the subconscious knowledge of one's language. |
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| All animals have a language. |
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| Bird songs tend to be species specific. |
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| All researchers now agree that apes can learn language. |
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| The fact that many new words are added to English each year demonstrates that English, like any language, is an open system. |
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| Linguistic forms, such as words or sentences, have an arbitrary relationship to their meaning. |
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| The fact that a person can talk about the past or anticipate the future illustrates the characteristic of language called displacement. |
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| Some researchers believe that Kanzi processes a basic understanding of simple grammar. |
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| Birds and bees generally learn most of their communication systems from other members of their social groups. |
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| Recursion is the process whereby any linguistics unit can be made longer by embedding another unit in it. |
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| Language change is very hard to control by decree. |
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| Like the French academy, there is a successful academy that governs the English language. |
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| Language change tends to occur first in the written language. |
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| There is one common Standard English. |
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| Descriptive rules typically appear in grammar books. |
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| Multiple negatives in an English sentence have always been grammatically incorrect. |
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| Prescriptive grammar rules are socially constructed. |
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| Early dictionaries only included what were considered "hard" words. |
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| According to the textbook How English Works, all dictionaries should be descriptive. |
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| Corpus linguistics is prescriptive. |
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| Vowels in English are always voiced. |
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| Vowels are sounds that are produced with little or no obstruction of the air stream. |
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| Consonants are sounds that are produced with no obstruction of the air stream. |
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| There are five vowel sounds in English. |
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| English is a tonal language. |
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| Articulatory phonetics focuses on how speech sounds are produced. |
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| Phonology is the study of the sound system in a particular language. |
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| Each phoneme has meaning in and of itself. |
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| Phonemes do not have meaning, but if one phoneme is substituted for another phoneme, it changes the meaning of a word. |
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| English spelling often preserves an older pronunciation of the words. |
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| Morphology is the study of how words are constructed out of phonemes. |
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| Morphemes are the smallest recurrent meaningful units of a language. |
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| A bound morpheme cannot stand by itself as a meaningful unit; it must be attached to another morpheme. |
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| In a compound word, the primary stress will always fall on the second part. |
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| The word books contains two morphemes. |
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| All the morphemes in the word books are free morphemes. |
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| The word schoolbags is made up of three morphemes. |
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| Bound morphemes are of two general types, derivational and inflectional. |
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| Derivational morphemes change the part of speech or the meaning of a form. |
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| The un- in unsatisfactory is an inflectional morpheme. |
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The "bold" word in the sentence below is a verb.
The teacher quickly asked the boys and girls a "difficult" question. |
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| English verbs have two voices. |
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| Transitive verbs appear with a direct object. |
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| Articles (a, an, the) are classified as determiners. |
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| The words in, on, and up function as conjunctions. |
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| FANBOYS is an acronym of all the possible coordinating conjunctions in English. |
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| There are five major lexical categories of open-class words. |
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| Prepositions belong to a closed-class category. |
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| According to descriptive linguists, split infinitives are examples of incorrect usage. |
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| Auxiliary verbs are often called helping verbs. |
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| Most people, by the time they start to attend high school, consciously know the vast majority of heir language's syntactic rules. |
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| All sentences have two major constituents, a subject and an article. |
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| The following is a complex sentence: "If the phone rings, I will answer it." |
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| Another name for a simple sentence is an independent clause. |
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| The sentence "When I read for hours, my eyes get tired." is composed of two independent clauses. |
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| "The biscuit was eaten by the baby." This is an example of a passive sentence. |
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| A phrase is any constituent of a clause. |
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| A noun phrase can function in a sentence as the subject, direct object, indirect object, and object of a preposition. |
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| All English sentences minimally contain a noun phrase and a verb phrase. |
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| Each point where branching occurs in a phrase marker is called a node. |
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