Term
| What are the major functions of the brain? |
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Definition
| registering sensations; correlating them with each other and with stored info; making decisions; taking action; center for intellect, emotions, behavior, memory |
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Term
| Which part of the embryonic brain ultimately becomes the cerebrum and lateral vesicles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the major parts of the brain? |
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Definition
| brain stem, cerebellum, diencephalon |
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Term
| How do the cranial meninges differ from the spinal meninges? |
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Definition
| there is no epidural space between the dura mater and bones of the skull |
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Term
| Which blood vessels supply the brain with blood? |
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Definition
| internal carotid and vertebral arteries |
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Term
| What is true of the adult brain? |
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Definition
| functions are impaired by even transient interruptions of blood flow |
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Term
| What substances can pass the blood-brain barrier? |
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Definition
| lets lipid-soluble substances such as CO2 and O2 and many anesthetic agents |
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Term
| What are the functions of the cerebrospinal fluid? |
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Definition
| protects brain and spinal cord from chemical and physical injurie |
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Term
| How does cerebrospinal fluid pass from the 3rd ventricle into the 4th ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up the brain stem? |
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Definition
| medulla oblongata; pons; midbrain |
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Term
| What takes place in the medulla oblongata? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is found within the pons? |
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Definition
| pneumotaxic area; apneustic area |
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Term
| What makes up the midbrain? |
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Definition
| superior and inferior colliculi; substantia nigra; red nuclei |
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Term
| What does the reticular formation contain? |
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Definition
| sensory axons that help maintain consciousness |
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Term
| Where is the cerebellum located? |
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Definition
| posterior to brain stem; inferior to cerebrum |
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Term
| What are the functions of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does the thalamus do? |
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Definition
| relay station; controls motor functions; move stuff |
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Term
| What does the hypothalamus do? |
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Definition
| regulates appetite and thirst |
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Term
| What does the hypothalamus do? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the major functions of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cerebrovascular accident hindered patient from transferring information from a gyrus in one hemisphere to a gyrus in the other hemisphere. which tract was damaged by the CVA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the basal ganglia and what does it do? |
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Definition
| collectively called corpus striatum; involved in regulating beginning and ending of movement |
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Term
| What does the limbic system do? |
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Definition
| memory, smell, structures of diencephalon and inner cerebrum and regulation of emotions; all of the above |
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Term
| Chronic use of marijuana results in what behavior of pot heads? |
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Definition
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Term
| Association areas of cerebral cortex are involved in what functions? |
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Definition
| memorizing cranial nerves; integrating info; judging laying or lying book down; moving fingers while typing |
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Term
| How do sensory areas of the cerebral cortex function? |
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Definition
| sensory info into meaningful patterns |
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Term
| If your nose itches, what primary sensory area receives that information? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the primary motor areas of the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
| anterior to central sulcus; those devoted to fine motor skills are larger than those devoted to gross motor skills |
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Term
| six yr old hit in back of head with softball. what area is damaged? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is hemispheric lateralization? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do cranial nerves come from and how are they named? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cranial nerve is sensory and conducts the nerve impulses for the sense of smell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the optic nerves merge with? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does the trigeminal nerve conrol? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cranial nerve stimulates zygomaticus major causing you to smile? |
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Definition
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Term
| A cerebrovascular accident has made if difficult for a patient to swallow. which cranial nerve was probably damaged? |
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Definition
| glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve |
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Term
| What do the autonomic neurons of the vagus nerve innervate? |
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Definition
| intestines; respiratory; heart |
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Term
| What is associated with aging of the brain from early adulthood? |
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Definition
| increase of reflex times (reflexes slow down) |
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Term
| How does the autonomic nervous system function? |
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Definition
| contractions of smooth and cardiac muscles; secretion of many glands |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of the somatic nervous system? |
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Definition
| located in SNS; one motor neuron in motor pathways controlled by cerebral cortex |
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Term
| Where does the autonomic nervous system get its input and what is true of its motor pathways? |
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Definition
| from interoceptors; motor pathways: 2 motor neurons synapse at ganglion |
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Term
| What regulates autonomic functions? |
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Definition
| limbic; hypothalamus; brain stem |
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Term
| What are examples of an autonomic response? |
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Definition
| increase in heart rate; dilated pupils; blood vessel in hand constricting when u plunge hand into ice water |
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Term
| Organs that have dual innervation receive motor impulses from where? |
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Definition
| form both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems |
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Term
| What is true of preganglionic fiber? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is found in parasympatheic preganglionic neuron? |
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Definition
| cell body in lateral gray horn of sacral segment; cell body in nucleus of cranial nerves III VII IX X of brain stem |
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Term
| What are parasympathetic ganglia? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is found in autonomic plexuses? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which autonomic plexus controls the largest variety of organs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What autonomic plexus supplies the kidneys? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which characteristic of sympathetic preganglionic fibers allows them to control most structures in the body simultaneously? |
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Definition
| many collateral axons synapse with many postganglionic neurons |
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Term
| What are splanchnic nerves? |
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Definition
| arise from preganglionic fibers; contain preganglionic fibers; do not synapse |
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Term
| How does the adrenal medullae develop what does it produce and what are its similarities with nervous tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| A tumor in a patient's adrenal medulla causes excessive secretion of epinephrine. Which receptors will be affected by this hypersecretion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which structures or organs receive only sympathetic innervation? |
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Definition
| sweat glands, arrector pili muscles |
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Term
| What does increased parasympathetic stimulation cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| The main integrating centers for most autonomic reflexes are found where? |
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Definition
| hypothalamus and brain stem |
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Term
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Definition
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