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| Grants of money from the federal government to states for programs in certain general areas rather than for specific programs |
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| Confederation or Confederal System |
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| political system in which states or regional governemtn retain ultimate authority except for thos powers that they expressly delegate to a central government |
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| largest territorial unit between a city and a town |
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current effort to scale back the size and activities of national government andto shift responsibility for domestic programs from washington to the states
Ex. Welfare, healthcare, job training |
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| constitutional theory that the national government and state governments each have defined areas of authority, especially over commerce |
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| political system in which authority is shared between a central government and state or regional governments |
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| political system in which local units of government have a specially protected existence and can make final decisions over some governmental activities |
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| system in which sovereignty is shared so that on some matters national government is supreme and on other matters the state, regional, or provincial governments are supreme |
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applies to number of cities that fall within a certain classification
(usually based on population) |
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| federal funds provided to states and localities. Typically provided for airports, highways, education, and major welfare services |
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| charter that allows city government to do aything that is not prohibited by the charter or by state law |
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| Municipal Coporation or Municipality |
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Definition
| legal term for city. chartered by state to exercise certain powers and provide certain services |
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Term
| Necessary and Proper Clause |
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Definition
| Authorizes Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers. Sometimes call the "elastic clause" because of flexibility it provides congress |
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Definition
| legal principle that holds that the terms of city charters are to be interpreted narrowly. Under this rule a city can exercise only those powers expressly given it or those powers necessary, implied by, or essential to the accomplishment of these stated powers |
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| law passed and enforced by city government |
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| theory that states have right to declare null and void a federal law that the thought to be constitional. States do NOT have this right |
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| power of a state to promote heath, safety, and morals |
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| procedure, in effect in over 20 states, whereby the voters can vote to remove and elected official from office |
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| practice of submitting a lawto a populare vote at election time. Law may be proposed by a voters initiative or by the legislature |
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| special-district government responsible for administering public schools |
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federal grants for spcific purposes defined by federal law
Ex. build an airport |
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| federal rules attacted to the grants that states receive |
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| procedure allowing voters to submit a proposed law to a popular vote by obtaining a required number of signatures |
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| rules imposed by federal government on states as conditions for obtaining federal grants or requirements that the states pay the costs of certain nationally defined programs |
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| law providing for the distribution of a fixed amount or share of federal tax revenues to the states for spending on almost any government purpose |
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| flow of power and responsibility from states to local governments |
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| supreme or ultimate political authority |
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Term
| Special District Governments or Authorities |
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Definition
| local or regional government with repsonsibitlity forsome single function such as administering schools, handling sewage, or managing airports |
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| charter that denies the power of a certain named city and lists what the city can and cannot do |
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| use of non-governmental organizations to implement public policy |
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| system in which sovereignty is wholly in the hands of the national government |
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| Ability of one person to get another personto act in accordance with the first persons intentions |
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| Direct or Participatory Democracy |
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Definition
| all or most citizens participate directly in government |
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| people who believe that those who control economy control politics |
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| Apppointed officials who operate government agencies from day to day |
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| Competition amond all affected interests shapes public policy |
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| leaders are voted for by citizens. then leaders make decisions |
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Term
| Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
| constitiution drafted by newly independent states in 1777. Weak national government. Created "league of Friendship" |
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| Constitutional Convention |
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Definition
| meeting of delegates in 1787 to revise the articles of confederation. they produced a new constitution instead |
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| rebellion led by daniel Shays because they were unhappy with economy. Highlighted need for stronger national government. |
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| based on nature and providence rather than on the preferances of the people |
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| opponents of strong central government. Wanted states rights and a bill of rights in constitution |
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| law that declares a person without a trial to be guilty of a crime |
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| First ten ammendments of constitution |
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| alliance among different interest groups or parties to achieve a political goal |
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| law that makes criminal an act that was legal when it was commited, or increased a penalty |
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| group of people who seek to influence public policy in ways contrary to public good |
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| 3 separate branches of government--legislative, judicial, executive |
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| form of democracy in which power is vested in representatives selected by means of popular competitive elections |
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| power of an executive to veto some provisions in an appropriations bill while approving others. President does not have this right |
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| power of courts to declare acts of legislature and of executives to be unconstitutional and hence null and void |
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Term
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| Senate and house of Reps. One based on population, other has set number. Conneticut Compromise |
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| political system in which ultimate authority is shared between a central government and state or regional governments |
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| supporters of strong central government |
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| must have cause or warrant for someones arrest/detention. Designed to prevent illegal arrests and imprisonment |
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| series of papers written to convince New Yorkers to ratify constitutions. Written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay under name Publius |
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