Term
| Heart and blood vessels are what? |
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Definition
| part of the cardiovascular system |
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Term
| Arteries carry blood Where? |
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Definition
| away from the heart to capillaries |
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Definition
| from capillaries to heart |
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Term
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Definition
Four chambered muscular pump
Lies between the lungs, superior to the diaphragm |
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Definition
| extends to left side at level of 5th rib |
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Definition
| at level of 2nd rib and is attached to large blood vessels |
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Definition
| surrounds the heart and associated blood vessels. Consists of membrane that folds back on itself to form two layers. |
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Definition
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| lies directly on heart, also called the epicardium |
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Term
| Parietal and visceral pericardia are what membranes |
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Definition
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Definition
| Secrete serous fluid into pericardial cavity that functions to reduce friction during contraction |
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Term
| Epicardium (visceral pericardium) |
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Definition
Outer most layer
Contains blood vessels that nourish the heart |
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Definition
Layer of cardiac muscle
Provides force for contraction |
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Definition
Inner layer of simple squamous epithelium
Also lines inside of blood vessels attached to heart |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Left atria and ventricle: left pump |
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Definition
| Right atria and ventricle: right pump |
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Term
| Differences in wall thickness depend upon what? |
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Definition
| work performed by the chamber |
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Term
| Ventricles have more muscle then |
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Definition
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Term
| atria pump to ventricle, then? |
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Definition
| ventricles pump out to body areas |
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Term
| Left ventricle is most muscular and? |
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Definition
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Term
| Right ventricle has less muscle: |
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Definition
| pumps blood to lungs only |
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Definition
| Blood flows in one direction through the heart due to valves |
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Definition
| Allows flow from atria to ventricles |
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Definition
| extend from valve cusps to papillary muscles in ventricle walls that help prevent inversion of cusps when ventricles contract |
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Definition
| between R atrium and ventricle |
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Term
| Bicuspid valve (or mitral valve): |
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Definition
| between L atrium and ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| Located at base of blood vessels attached to ventricles |
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Term
| Pulmonary semilunar valve: |
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Definition
| between R ventricle and pulmonary trunk |
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Definition
| between L ventricle and aorta |
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Term
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Definition
Systole: contraction phase
Diastole: relaxation phase |
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Term
| when atria and ventricles are relaxed..... |
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Definition
| blood flows into atria, then through open AV valves into ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| closed due to greater pressure in arteries than in ventricles |
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Term
| Atrial systole (ventricular diastole) |
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Definition
| forces more blood into relaxed ventricles completely emptying atria |
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Term
| Ventricular systole (atrial diastole) |
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Definition
increases blood pressure in ventricles
Closes AV valves, opens semilunar valves
Blood moves from ventricles and into arteries |
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Term
| Ventricular diastole follows ventricular systole. (atrial diastole is already underway) |
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Definition
Allows AV valves to open and semilunar valves close
Cycle repeats with blood flowing into relaxed atria and thru AV valves into relaxed ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| closing of AV valves during ventricular systole |
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Term
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Definition
| closing of semilunar valves during ventricular diastole |
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Term
| Two basic circuits of blood flow |
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Definition
Pulmonary circuit
Systemic Circuit |
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Term
| Steps of heart circulation |
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Definition
| Superior and inferior vena cava return blood from body to R atrium |
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Term
Steps of heart circulation
2 |
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Definition
| R Atrium pushes blood thru R AV valve into R ventricle |
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Term
Steps of heart circulation
3 |
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Definition
R ventricle pumps blood into pulmonary trunk
Blood moves into R and L pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to lungs |
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Term
Steps of heart circulation
4 |
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Definition
| Pulmonary veins return blood from lungs to L atrium |
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Term
Steps of heart circulation
5 |
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Definition
| L atrium pushes blood thru L AV valve into L ventricle |
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Term
| R and L coronary arteries |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| which drains into the R atrium |
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Definition
| Generates and conducts electrical impulses through heart to stimulate the myocardium to pump rhythmically |
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Definition
| Pacemaker of the heart, generates an impulse that spreads over atria to cause them to contract |
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Definition
| Receives impulse from SA node and passes impulse to the Bundle of His (AKA atrioventricular (AV) bundle) |
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Definition
| Divides into L and R branches, carries impulse down ventricular septum and up lateral ventricle walls to the Purkinje fibers |
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Definition
Carry impulse to myocardium of ventricles and causes them to contract
Contraction occurs from the apex upward |
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Term
| Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) |
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Definition
| Recording of the electrical current generated during heart contraction |
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Term
| Electrocardiogram has three distinct waves |
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Definition
P wave: atrial depolarization
QRS wave: ventricular depolarization
T wave: ventricular repolarization |
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Definition
| form a closed system of tubes carrying blood from heart to body cells and back to the heart |
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Term
Structure of arteries and veins
Tunica externa |
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Definition
Fibrous connective tissue
Provide support and elasticity |
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Term
Structure of arteries and veins
Tunica media |
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Definition
Smooth muscle fibers
Cause changes in blood vessel diameter |
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Term
Structure of arteries and veins
Tunica interna |
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Definition
| Endothelium lining inside of blood vessel |
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Term
| Walls of arteries have the same basic structure, with a few differences |
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Definition
| Arteries have more smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue |
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Term
| Walls of arteries have the same basic structure, with a few differences |
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Definition
| Large veins possess valves to prevent the backflow of blood |
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Definition
| Carry blood away from the heart |
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Definition
| Branch into smaller arteries, eventually forming arterioles |
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Definition
Smallest vessels consist of endothelium and a few muscle fibers
Play an important role in controlling blood flow and blood pressure |
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Definition
Most numerous and smallest vessels
RBCs pass through one at a time
Walls of endothelium thin enough to allow exchange of materials between blood and cells
Most abundant in active tissues
Less abundant in connective tissues |
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Term
| Materials pass through interstitial fluid as they move between blood and cells |
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Definition
Oxygen and nutrients diffuse from blood into interstitial fluid and into cells
Carbon dioxide and wastes diffuse from cells into interstitial fluid and into blood |
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Definition
| Water is also exchanged by osmosis |
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Definition
| unite to form larger veins, which in turn unite to form even larger veins |
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Definition
| 60% of blood volume at any instant |
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Definition
| Greatest in ventricles and lowest in atria |
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Definition
| increased distance from the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| veins require assistance to return blood to the heart |
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Term
| Skeletal muscle contractions |
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Definition
Contraction compresses veins, forcing blood from one valved segment to another
Important in arms and legs |
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Term
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Definition
| Highest pressure during ventricular systole |
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Definition
| Lowest pressure during ventricular diastole |
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Definition
| is difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures |
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Definition
| expansion and contraction of arterial walls |
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Definition
| Volume of blood pumped by heart in one minute. If CO goes up, BP goes up. |
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Term
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Definition
| Total blood volume. If BV goes up, BP goes up as well |
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Term
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Definition
| Friction of blood against walls of vessels. When vessels constrict, it increases PR. If PR goes up, BP goes up also. Controlled by vasomotor center in medulla oblongata. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thickness of blood. Increased viscosity causes increased BP |
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Term
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Definition
Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to lungs
Oxygen diffuses from air into blood
Carbon dioxide diffuses from blood into air |
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Term
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Definition
| Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium |
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Definition
| Carries oxygenated blood from heart to body cells |
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Definition
Aorta branches, eventually leading to capillaries
Oxygen diffuses out of capillaries and into tissue cells
Carbon dioxide diffuses out of tissue cells and into capillaries |
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Definition
| Returns deoxygenated blood from body cells to heart |
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Definition
| Blood leaves capillaries and enters venules, eventually leading to larger veins |
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Term
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Definition
Superior vena cava returns blood from arms, shoulders, head, and neck
Inferior vena cava returns blood from legs and lower trunk |
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Term
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Definition
Common Carotid
Internal & external
Brachiocephalic
Subclavian
Axillary
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar
Descending aorta
Sup. & Inferior Mesenteric
Common Iliac
Internal & external
Femoral
Popliteal |
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Term
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Definition
Superior vena cava
Jugular (Internal & external)
Brachiocephalic
Subclavian
Basilic
Cephalic
Axillary
Inferior vena cava
Common Iliac
external and internal iliac
Great Saphenous
Femoral
Popliteal |
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Definition
| Formed by merging veins draining major areas of digestion and absorption |
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Definition
| Allows for liver to filter and clean the blood coming from digestive tact |
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Definition
| Clean blood leaves the liver by way of the hepatic veins, which empty into inferior vena cava |
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