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| Branch of science that considers the composition of matter and how this composition changes |
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| Anything that has weight and takes up space; solids, liquids, gases |
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| Mass is the amount of space something takes up; where as weight is how heavy something is |
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| All matter composed of substances; common materials such as iron, copper, silver, gold, aluminum, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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| The smallest complete units of elements |
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| A center portion called a nucleus and one or more electrons that constantly move around the nucleus |
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| Large positive charged particles that form part of a nucleus |
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| Large neutral charged particles that form part of a nucleus |
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| Very small negative charged particles that surround the nucleus |
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| The number of protons in the atom |
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| The number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
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| Atoms of an element with different atomic weight |
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| Unstable isotopes are called radioactive because... |
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| The energy or atomic fragments they give off are referred to as radiation |
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| Three forms of radiation are called |
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| Alpha radiation consists of... |
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| Particles from atomic nuclei, each of which includes two protons and two neutrons that travel slowly and can weakly penetrate matter |
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| Beta radiation consists of... |
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| Very small particles (electrons) that travel rapidly and penetrate matter deep |
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| The highest level of penetration; similar to x-ray radiation |
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| The time it takes for an isotope to lose one half of it radioactivity |
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| When electrons occupy more than one area of space around a nucleus. First shell consists of two electrons and the following two hold 8 electrons |
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| Atoms that gain or lose electrons and become electrically charged |
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| When two atoms share electons |
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| When two oppositely charged ions combine |
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| When a covalent bond doesn't share the electrons equally |
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| Weak bond between a hydrogen atom and an atom of oxygen or nitrogen between molecules or different regions of a very large molecule |
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| When two or more atoms of the same element bond together |
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| When atoms of different elements bond, they form molecules called compounds |
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| Represents the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule - The formula for water is H2O |
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| Three dimensional models of structural formulas |
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| Form or break down bonds between atoms, ions, or molecules, generating new chemical combinations |
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| When two or more atoms bond to form a more complex structure |
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| If the bonds within a reactant molecule break down into simpler molecules, atoms, and ions form |
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| When two bonds are broken down and shared forming two new bonds |
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| When two bonds are broken down and exchange molecules (able to reverse this) |
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| Chemical that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but is not altered by it |
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| Substances that release ions in water |
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| Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water |
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| Electrolytes that release ions that bond with hydrogen ions |
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| Measures hydrogen ion concentration |
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| Contains more hydrogen ions and is less than 7.0 |
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| Contains less hydrogen ions and is greater than 7.0 |
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| Substance that can react with a strong acid or base to form a weaker acid or base and thus resist a change in pH |
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| Chemicals that include both carbon and hydrogen atoms; do not release ions, therefore nonelectrolytes |
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| Chemicals that release ions; therefore, electrolytes (Oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and salt) |
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| Substance dissolved in a liquid |
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| Carbon atoms are bond to as many hydrogen atoms as possible |
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| many double bond carbon atoms |
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| Differentiates one amino acid from the next |
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| Form genes and take part in protein synthesis; RNA and DNA |
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