Term
| Physiology studies the __________ of body parts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| meaning that it studies the _______ of parts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how they work or the ______ that parts carry out |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the exact structure of each type of body part _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| from all other kinds of body parts- this is called the __________ or the ____________________ |
|
Definition
| differentiation or specialization of body parts |
|
|
Term
| the structure of a part of the body determines what _______________________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ are the first cells that form in the human embryo, including the fertilized ______ cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these are _____________ cells aka __________ cells |
|
Definition
| undifferentiated, nonspecialized |
|
|
Term
| a differentiated cell is a __________ cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| meaning that a specialized cell is individualized in its ____________ so as to _________________________________________ |
|
Definition
| structure, perform only the function of the time it belongs to |
|
|
Term
| embryonic stem cells are ______ ________ __ ______ _________ |
|
Definition
| cultures easily in lab containers |
|
|
Term
| ______________ are located in many organs and tissues in adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adult stem cells main function: to ______________ the tissue in which they are located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____________ of regenerative medicine aka ________________________________ |
|
Definition
| new clinical procedures, translational engineering |
|
|
Term
| The new clinical procedures of regenerative medicine include _________________________________ |
|
Definition
| cell therapy, tissue engineering, and whole organ engineering |
|
|
Term
| today doctors can remove a patient's own adult stem cells to ___________ bone, cartilage, a trachea, urinary bladder, and heart valves, which are then ____________ back into the patient |
|
Definition
| regenerate, transplanted, patient |
|
|
Term
| Using _________________ bioengineering to replace an injured or diseased organ: the surgeon removes a small piece of _______ from a diseased organ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ are removed from the tissue piece and cultured in large quantities __ _____ meaning _______ the body in a laboratory vessel |
|
Definition
| stem cells, in vessel, outside |
|
|
Term
| Why are these breakthroughs in regenerative medicine important? |
|
Definition
| over 1/2 millon people die each year in the USA from three types of organ failure: heart disease, chronic lung disease, and kidney failure |
|
|
Term
| ____ of all patients on the ____________ are waiting for a kidney--- a high percentage of them _____ _____ ______ |
|
Definition
| 90%, transplant waiting list, die while waiting |
|
|
Term
| ___________: the body's maintenance of relatively ______ or _________ internal conditions, even though the ________ word in continually unchanging |
|
Definition
| Homeostasis, stable, unchanging, outside |
|
|
Term
| homeostasis allows ________ _________ to change, but only with narrow limits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The maintaining of a relatively constant body ______, blood pressure, and heart _____, as well as sugar, salt, and oxygen levels in the blood and other body fluids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Homeostasis is vital to our ___________________, minute-by-minute, 24 hours of each day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most __________ can result from homeostasis' disturbance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| homeostasis can be severly disrupted by ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the body control homeostasis? |
|
Definition
| by the nervous and endoctrine systems |
|
|
Term
| homeostatic control mechanisms are either _________________________ feedback mechanisms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In homoestatic control mechanisms ________________________ are by far the most common type of feedback mechanisms |
|
Definition
| negative feedback mechanisms |
|
|
Term
| The three basic types of negative feedback mechanisms are ______ ________ and _________ |
|
Definition
| receptor, control center, an effector |
|
|
Term
A receptor acts as a sensor--detects ________ in the enviroment
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Changes in a receptor and the outside enviroment are called ______________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As a receptor detects a stimulus it ________________________________ -a message- when then travels to a control center |
|
Definition
| converts it into a nerve impulse |
|
|
Term
| The second component of a negative control mechanisms is ________________ -- this is the "normal" for an internal variable that it controls, such as heart rate -- e.g giving it a set point of about 72 heartbeats per minute |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The control center receives and analyzes the ___________ it recieves from the receptor. If this detects a change to a point that is too high or low, it sends commands to an effector that ______________________________________ |
|
Definition
| information, resist the change |
|
|
Term
| The third type of negative feedback mechanism is the _______, this responds by __________________ the effect of a stimulus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An effector acts negatively to the _________________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Why does the horomone that is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms decrease blood calcium levels?
It's activity _________________ by ________ the amount of the stimulus. |
|
Definition
| provides negative feedback, decreasing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Brachial: only refering to the upper limb from the shoulder to the ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The terms, left and right, always refer to these sides of the body as the ________ sees them, not as the doctor (or anatomy student) sees them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______________ -- each means closer to the _____ surface of the body |
|
Definition
| Anterior and ventral, front |
|
|
Term
| __________________________ -- each means closer to the ______ surface of the body |
|
Definition
| posterior and dorsal, back |
|
|
Term
| superior means _______ or _______ than; example: the nose is _________ to the mouth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inferior means ______ or ______ than; example: the ______ is inferior to the wrist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ means toward or closer to an attached base -- usually of a limb; example: the hand is distal to the _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ means further ___________an _________ base |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The thoracic cavity is the _______ cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The thoracic cavity contains the _______ and _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abdominopelvic cavity extends from the _________ muscle (its _______ border) to the pelvis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The abdominal cavity contains the ______, _______, and ________ |
|
Definition
| liver, stomach, intestines |
|
|
