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| the rate of change of velocity of a moving object |
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| the product of a rotationg objects moment of inertia and the angular speed about the same axis. |
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| the point in the orbit of a planet or a comet at which it is farthest from the sum. |
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| a unit of length, equal to the mean distance of the earth from the sun. (AU) |
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1. the relative position or aspect of heavenly bodies.
2. a group of stars |
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| the state of being conjoined; union; association. |
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| conservation of angular momentum |
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| the principle that the total angular momentum of a system has constant magnitude and direction if the system is subjected to no external force. |
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| the theory of the overall structure and evolution of the universe. |
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| the movement of a celestial body (as seen from the earth) from east to west across the sky. |
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| the difference between the celestial longitude of the sun and that of a planet or the moon. |
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| a flattented circle or oval. that the orbits of the planets are ellipses, not circle. essentially a circle that has been strectched out of shape. |
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| two fixed points on the interior of an ellipse used in the formal definition of a curve. |
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| galilean moons ( satellites) |
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| any celestial body orbiting around a planet or star. |
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| natural force of attraction exerted by a celestial body, upon objects at or near its surface, tending to draw them toward the center of the body. |
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| schools of models in which the sun was portrayed as standing at the center of the universe. |
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| a symmetrical open curve formed by the intersection of a circular cone with a plane at a smaller angle with its axis that the side of the cone. |
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| a conjunction of mercury or venus with the sun, in which the planet and the earth are on the same side of the sun. |
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| three scientific laws describing orbital motion, originally formulated to describe the motion of planets around the sun. |
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| energy that a body posessesses by virtue of being in motion. |
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(kepler's 2nd law)
concerning the speed at which the planet travels; a line connecting a planet to the sun will sweep out equal areas in equal times. |
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newtons laws of motion .
They describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, and its motion in response to the forces. |
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| law of universal gravitation |
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Definition
| every point mass in the universe attracts every other point mass with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses. |
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| a unit of astronomical distance equivalent to the distance that light travels in one year. |
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typically large body of matter with no definite shape.
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a three-dimensional representation of a person or thing or of a proposed structure, typically on a smaller scale than the original.
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a vector quantity defined as the product of an objects mass and velocity.
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| It states that among competing hypotheses, the hypothesis with the fewest assumptions should be selected. |
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| the effect whereby the position or direction of an object appears to differ when viewed from different positions. |
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a unit of distance used in astronomy
One parsec corresponds to the distance at which the mean radius of the earth's orbit subtends an angle of one second of arc. |
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| the point in the orbit of a planet, asteroid, or comet at which it is closest to the sun. |
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| the branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy. The subject matter of physics, distinguished from that of chemistry and biology, includes mechanics, heat, light and other radiation, sound, electricity, magnetism, and the structure of atoms. |
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| the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors. |
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| Retrograde motion is motion in the direction opposite to the movement of something else and the contrary of direct or prograde motion. |
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a method of procedure
consisting in systematic observation,measurement, and experiment,
and the formulation, testing, and
modification of hypotheses. |
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| semimajor axis ( of an ellipse) |
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| either of the halves of the major axis of an ellipse. |
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| the period of revolution of one body around another with respect to the distant stars. |
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| universal constant of gravitation |
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| the universal constant relating force to mass and distance in Newton's law of gravitation. |
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| the speed of something in a given direction. |
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| a body's relative mass or the quantity of matter contained by it, giving rise to a downward force; the heaviness of a person or thing. |
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1. the resistance of any physical object to any change in its motion (including a change in direction).
2. the tendency of objects to keep moving in a straight line at constant linear velocity. |
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| they are on opposite sides of the sky, viewed from a given place (usually the Earth). |
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| set of concepts, explanations, and predictions of a particular aspect of reality, which can be tested and supported through repeated observations and experiments. used to explain and predict aspects of the physical universe or specific areas of inquiry. |
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