Term
| the rules for naming alkynes are similar to those for naming alkenes, except... |
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Definition
-the suffix -yne is used for an alkyne
-compounds with both 2bl bonds and triple bonds are enynes
-when there is a choice in numbering, 2bl bonds receive lower numbers than triple bonds
-compounds can also contain alkynyl groups |
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Term
| the suffix used for alkyne |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| compounds with 2bl bonds and triple bonds |
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Term
| when there is a choice in numbering, ______ bonds receive lower numbers than ______ bonds |
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Definition
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Term
| alkynes can be prepared by ______ rxns of 1,2-dihalides, using strong base |
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Definition
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Term
| alkynes can be prepared by elimination rxns of ______, using strong base |
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Definition
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Term
| alkynes can be prepared by elimination rxns of 1,2-dihalides, using ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| the ______ used in the preparation of alkynes are formed by addition of X2 to alkenes |
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Definition
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Term
| the dihalides used in the preparation of ______ are formed by addition of X2 to alkenes |
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Definition
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Term
| the dihalides used in the preparation of alkynes are formed by ______ of X2 to alkenes |
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Definition
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Term
| the dihalides used in the preparation of alkynes are formed by addition of ______ to alkenes |
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Definition
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Term
| the dihalides used in the preparation of alkynes are formed by addition of X2 to ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ give alkynes when treated with a strong base |
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Definition
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Term
| vinylic halides give ______ when treated with a strong base |
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Definition
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Term
| vinylic halides give alkynes when treated with a ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| alkyne triple bonds result from... |
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Definition
| the overlap of 2 sp-hybridized C atoms |
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Term
| the bonds formed in an alkyne triple bond |
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Definition
| 1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| alkynes are somewhat (more or less) reactive than alkenes in electrophilic addition rxns |
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Definition
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Term
| alkynes are somewhat less reactive than alkenes in ______ rxns |
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Definition
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Term
| HX and X2 add to alkynes by... |
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Definition
| an electrophilic addition mechanism |
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Term
| how HX and X2 add to alkynes by an electrophilic addition mechanism |
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Definition
-addition of 2 equivalents of HX occurs if the acid is in excess
-addition occurs with Makovnikov regiochemistry and trans stereochemistry |
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Term
| when HX and X2 add to alkynes, addition of ______ of HX occurs if the acid is in excess |
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Definition
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Term
| when HX and X2 add to alkynes, addition of 2 equivalents of ______ occurs if the acid is in excess |
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Definition
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Term
| when HX and X2 add to alkynes, addition of 2 equivalents of HX occurs if the ______ is in excess |
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Definition
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Term
| when HX and X2 add to alkynes, addition of 2 equivalents of HX occurs if the acid is in ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| when HX and X2 add to alkynes, addition occurs with ______ regiochemistry and trans stereochemistry |
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Definition
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Term
| when HX and X2 add to alkynes, addition occurs with Makovnikov regiochemistry and ______ stereochemistry |
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Definition
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Term
| the intermediate of ______ to alkynes is a vinylic carbocation, which forms less readily than an alkyl carbocation |
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Definition
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Term
| the intermediate of addition of HX or X2 to ______ is a vinylic carbocation, which forms less readily than an alkyl carbocation |
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Definition
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Term
| the intermediate of addition of HX or X2 to alkynes is ______, which forms less readily than an alkyl carbocation |
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Definition
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Term
| the intermediate of addition of HX or X2 to alkynes is a vinylic carbocation, which forms (more or less) readily than an alkyl carbocation |
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Definition
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Term
| the intermediate of addition of HX or X2 to alkynes is a vinylic carbocation, which forms less readily than ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| some types of hydration rxns of alkynes |
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Definition
-Hg(II)-catalyzed additions
-hydroboration/oxidation of alkenes |
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Term
| in Hg(II)-catalyzed additions of ______, the -OH group adds to the more substituted C to give Markovnikov product |
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Definition
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Term
| in Hg(II)-catalyzed additions of alkynes, the ______ adds to the more substituted C to give Markovnikov product |
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Definition
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Term
| in Hg(II)-catalyzed additions of alkynes, the -OH group adds to ______ to give Markovnikov product |
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Definition
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Term
| in Hg(II)-catalyzed additions of alkynes, the -OH group adds to the more substituted C to give ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| in Hg(II)-catalyzed additions of alkynes, the intermediate ______ product tautomerizes to a ketone |
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Definition
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Term
| in Hg(II)-catalyzed additions of alkynes, the intermediate enol product ______ to a ketone |
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Definition
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Term
| in Hg(II)-catalyzed additions of alkynes, the intermediate enol product tautomerizes to ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| the mechanism in Hg(II)-catalyzed additions to alkynes is similar to that of addition to alkenes, but... |
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Definition
| no NaBH4 is necessary for removal of Hg |
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Term
| the products formed from an internal alkyne |
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Definition
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Term
| the products formed from a terminal alkyne |
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Definition
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Term
| hydroboration /oxidation of alkynes gives an intermediate ______ product that tautomerizes to a carbonyl product |
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Definition
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Term
| hydroboration /oxidation of alkynes gives an intermediate enol product that ______ to a carbonyl product |
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Definition
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Term
| hydroboration /oxidation of alkynes gives an intermediate enol product that tautomerizes to ______ product |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ of a terminal alkyne gives an aldehyde |
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Definition
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Term
| hydroboration of ______ gives an aldehyde |
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Definition
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Term
| hydroboration of a terminal alkyne gives ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ of an internal alkyne gives a ketone |
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Definition
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Term
| hydroboration of ______ gives a ketone |
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Definition
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Term
| hydroboration of an internal alkyne gives ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ is complementary to Hg(II)-catalyzed hydration |
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Definition
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Term
| hydroboration/oxidation is ______ to Hg(II)-catalyzed hydration |
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Definition
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Term
| hydroboration/oxidation is complementary to ______ |
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Definition
| Hg(II)-catalyzed hydration |
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Term
| complete reduction of an alkyne to an alkane occurs when... |
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Definition
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Term
| partial reduction of an alkyne to ______ occurs with H2 and a Lindlar catalyst |
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Definition
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Term
| partial reduction of an alkyne to a cis alkene occurs with ______ and ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| partial reduction of an alkyne with ______ in ______ produces a trans alkene |
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Definition
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Term
| partial reduction of an alkyne with Li in NH3 produces ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| partial reduction of an alkyne proceeds through ______ --> vynilic radical --> vinylic anion |
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Definition
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Term
| partial reduction of an alkyne proceeds through an anion radical --> ______ --> vinylic anion |
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Definition
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Term
| partial reduction of an alkyne proceeds through an anion radical --> vynilic radical --> ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| the product of the partial reduction of alkynes |
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Definition
| a more stable trans vinylic anion |
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Term
| ______ cleave alkyne bonds to produce carboxylic acids or CO2 (terminal alkyne) |
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Definition
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Term
| O3 or KMnO4 cleave ______ to produce carboxylic acids or CO2 (terminal alkyne) |
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Definition
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Term
| O3 or KMnO4 cleave alkyne bonds to produce ______ |
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Definition
| carboxylic acids or CO2 (terminal alkyne) |
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Term
| oxidative cleavage rxns were formerly used for... |
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Definition
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Term
| acidity of terminal alkynes |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ (-NH2) can deprotenate a terminal alkyne, yielding an acetylide anion |
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Definition
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Term
| very strong bases (______) can deprotenate a terminal alkyne, yielding an acetylide anion |
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Definition
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Term
| very strong bases (-NH2) can ______ a terminal alkyne, yielding an acetylide anion |
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Definition
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Term
| very strong bases (-NH2) can deprotenate ______, yielding an acetylide anion |
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Definition
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Term
| very strong bases (-NH2) can deprotenate a terminal alkyne, yielding ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| acetylide anions are stabilized by... |
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Definition
| the large amount of "s character" of the orbital that holds the electron |
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Term
| acetylide anions are strongly (electrophilic or nucleophilic) |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ can react with haloalkanes to form substitution products |
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Definition
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Term
| acetylide anions can react with ______ to form substitution products |
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Definition
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Term
| acetylide anions can react with haloalkanes to form ______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nucleophilic acetylide anion attacking the electrophilic C of the haloalkene |
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Term
| in ______, the nucleophilic acetylide anion attacks the electrophilic C of haloalkane to produce a new alkyne |
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Definition
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Term
| in an alkylation rxn, the ______ attacks the electrophilic C of haloalkane to produce a new alkyne |
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Definition
| nucleophilic acetylide anion |
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Term
| in an alkylation rxn, the nucleophilic acetylide anion attacks the ______ to produce a new alkyne |
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Definition
| electrophilic C of haloalkane |
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Term
| in an alkylation rxn, the nucleophilic acetylide anion attacks the electrophilic C of haloalkane to produce ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ can form an alkylation proiduct |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ are limited to primary alkyl bromides and iodides |
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Definition
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Term
| acetylide alkylations are limited to... |
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Definition
| primary alkyl bromides and iodides |
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Term
| ______ cause dehydrohalogenation rxns with secondary and tertiary halides |
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Definition
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Term
| acetylide ions cause ______ with secondary and tertiary halides |
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Definition
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Term
| acetylide ions cause dehydrohalogenation rxns with ______ |
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Definition
| secondary and tertiary halides |
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Term
| strategies for organic synthesis |
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Definition
| work backward from the structure of the product, but keep the structure of the starting material in mind |
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Term
| general depiction of an alkyne |
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Definition
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Term
| what has higher priority, alkyne or phenyl? |
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Definition
| aklyne; phenyl is just a substituent |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
[image]
alkene and alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| since enols aren't very stable, they tend to turn into... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| why alkynes tend to be more acidic than alkynes |
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Definition
| because of the stability and electronegativity of sp C |
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Term
| we figure out the sdtructure of then alkyne that yielded the products based on... |
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Definition
| the oxidation states of specific C's |
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Term
| whyb hydrogenation of an alkyne to yield an alkene would yield a cis isomer |
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Definition
| because it's syn addition |
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Term
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Definition
| catalyst that has had something put on it to make it less active |
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