Term
| Another name for tumor is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which tumor is well differentiated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which tumor if not encapsulated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lipoma, glioma, leiomyoma, chondroma |
|
|
Term
| mailgnant epithelial tumors are reffered to as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an example of a malignant epithelial tumor is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| malignant connective tissue tumors are referred to as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an example of a malignant connective tissue tumor is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cancers of lymphatic tissues are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cancers of blood-forming cells are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Preinvasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular or epithelial origin that have not broken through the basement membrane or invaded the surrounding stroma are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 2 types of cell differentiation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a cancer cell's independence from normal cellular controls is a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when a cell varies in size and shape then it is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some stem cells are pluripotent. what is pluripotent? |
|
Definition
| the ability to differentiate into multiple different cell types |
|
|
Term
| biological markers that are substances produced by cancer cells or that are found on plams cell membranes, in the blood, CSF or urine are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name a few tumor cell markers |
|
Definition
| hormones, enzymes, genes, antigens, antibodies |
|
|
Term
| cancer is predominantly a disease of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| growth of new vessels are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| advanced cancer cells can secrete |
|
Definition
| angiogenesis factors (VEGF) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vascular endothelial growth factor |
|
|
Term
| angiogenesis factors are rquired in small cancers to premit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are protective caps on each chromosome and are held in place by telomerase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mutant genes that in their nonmutant state direct protein synthesis and cellular growth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| also referred to as anti-oncogenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| encode proteins that in their normal state negatively regulae proliferation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| changes in one or a few nucleoide base pairs are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when a piece on one chromosome is transferred to another is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| duplication of a small piece of chromosome over and over thta results in an increased expreesion of an oncogene is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does mutation of tumor-suppressor genes allows? |
|
Definition
| unregulated cellular growth |
|
|
Term
| when both chromosome copies of a gene are inactivated this is due to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when whole regions of chromosomes are shut off while the same regions in other cells remain active this is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are caretaker genes? |
|
Definition
| encode for proteins that are involved in repairing damaged DNA |
|
|
Term
- increased in malignant cells,
- results in chromosomes loss, loss of heterozygosity, and chromosome amplifaction
are examples of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the mutation occurs in somatic cells, it is NOT passed to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| direct invasion of contagious organs is also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do metastases occur to distant organs? |
|
Definition
| through lymphatics and blood |
|
|
Term
| what are the phases of tumor spread? |
|
Definition
- transformation
- growth
- local invasion
- distant metastasis
|
|
|
Term
| the spread of cancer from a primary site of origin to a distant site is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the steps of metastasis? |
|
Definition
- direct or continuous extension
- penetration into lymphatics, blood vessels, or body cavities
- transport into lymph or blood
- transport to secondary sites
- entry and growth in secondary sites
|
|
|
Term
| where does metastasis occurs usually? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| preferential growth of cancerous cells in certain organs is |
|
Definition
|
|
