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cerebrum
(largest part of the brain) |
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cerebellum
(little brain) |
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| spinal cord or bone marrow |
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| exaggerated fear or sensitivity |
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| three-dimensional or solid |
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ventricle
(belly or pouch) |
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| condition of abnormal impulse toward |
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| central nervous system (CNS) |
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| portion of the central nervous system contained within the cranium |
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| largest portion of the brain; divided into right and left halves known as cerebral hemispheres, which are connected by a bridge of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum; lobes of the cerebrum are named after the skull bones they underlie |
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| anterior section of each cerebral hemisphere; responsible for voluntary muscle movement and personality |
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| portion posterior to the frontal lobe; responsible for sensations such as pain, temperature, and touch |
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| portion that lies below the frontal lobe; resposible for hearing, taste, and smell |
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| portion posterior to the parietal and temporal lobes; responsible for vision |
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| outer layer of the cerebrum consisting of gray matter; responsible for higher mental functions (cortex=bark) |
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| thalamus and diencephalon |
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| each of two gray matter nuclei deep within the brain; responsible for relaying sensory information to the cortex |
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| convolutions (mounds) of the cerebral hemispheres |
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| shallow grooves that separate gyri |
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| deep grooves in the brain |
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| portion of the brain located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum; responsible for control and coordination of skeletal muscles |
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| region of the brain that serves as a relay between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord; responsible for breathing, heart rate, and body temperature; the three levels are the mesencephalon (midbrain), pons, and medulla oblongata |
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| series of interconnected cavities within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem filled with cerebrospinal fluid |
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| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
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| plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord |
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| column of nervous tissue from the brainstem through the vertebrae; responsible for nerve conduction to and from the brain and the body |
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| three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, consisting of the dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid mater |
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| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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| nerves that branch from the central nervous system including nerves of the brain (cranial nerves) and spinal cord (spinal nerves) |
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| 12 pairs of nerves arising from the brain |
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| 31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord |
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| nerves that conduct impulses from body parts and carry sensory information to the brain; also called afferent nerves |
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| nerves that conduct motor impulses from the brain to muscles and glands; also called efferent nerves |
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| autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
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| nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and various glands |
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| control center for the autonomic nervous system located below the thalamus (diencephalon) |
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| sympathetic nervous system |
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| division of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned primarily with preparing the body in stressful or emergency situations |
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| parasympathetic nervous system |
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| division of the autonomic nervous system that is most active in ordinary conditions; it counterbalances the effects of the sympathetic system by restoring the body to a restful state after a stressful experience |
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| impairment because of localized brain injury that affects the understanding, retrieving, and formulating of meaningful and sequential elements of language, as demonstrated by an inability to use or comprehend words; occurs as a result of a stroke, head trauma, or disease |
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